Thesis (M.Sc.) - Cairo University - National Cancer Institute - Department of Oncology-Surgical

in today{u2019}s society, women often postpone childbearing for cultural, financial and professional reasons, and in their late 30s to early 40s are attempting to get pregnant for the first time. As a result, the demand for fertility-sparing options grows among young women with cancer, including ovarian cancer, which is still the sixth most commonly diagnosed cancer among women in the world, accounting for nearly 4% of all female cancers and the deadliest of all gynecologic cancers. The classification of ovarian tumors is developed by the world health organization and the International federation of gynecology and obstetrics. The ovarian tumors can be divided into three major categories: Surface epithelial tumors, sex cord-stromal tumors and germ cell tumors according to the anatomic structures from which they arise. Early diagnosis has the potential to improve survival rates but symptoms of ovarian cancer, particularly in the early stages may be ambiguous and non-specific making early diagnosis difficult. About 20% of ovarian cancers are found at an early stage. When ovarian cancer is found early at a localized stage, about 94% of patients live longer than 5 years after diagnosis. The best ways to find ovarian cancer in its earliest stage by undergoing regular pelvic examination (the health care professional feels the ovaries and uterus for size, shape, and consistency) and screening tests for ovarian cancer. The two tests used most often to screen for ovarian cancer are trans-vaginal ultrasound and the CA-125 blood test

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