أطروحة (دكتوراه)-جامعة القاهرة، 2024.

ببليوجرافيا: صفحات 554-571.

الْمُؤَسَّسَةَ الْعَسْكَرِيَّةَ لَهَا طَبِيعَةُ خَاصَّةِ مُسْتَمَدَّةِ مِنْ مُهِمَّتِهَا الْأَسَاسِيَّةِ الْمُتَمَثِّلَةِ فِي الْحِفَاظِ عَلَى أَمِنْ وَسَلَاَمةً وَاِسْتِقْلَالَ الْبِلَادِ، وَبِالْتَّالِي تَخْتَلِفُ عَنْ بَقِيَّةِ مُؤَسَّسَاتِ الْمُجْتَمَعِ مِمَّا يَتَطَلَّبُ مَعَهُ أَنْ يَكْوُنَّ لَهَا نِظَامُ " خَاصَ " لِيَتَسَنَّى لَهَا أَدَاءُ الدَّوْرِ الْمَنُوطِ بِهَا عَلَى أَكْمَلِ وَجَّهَ حَتَّى لَا يُتْمُكُنَّ الْأَعْدَاءَ مِنَ النَّيْلِ مِنْهَا
وَعَرْقَلَةً أَوْ إِضْعَافُ وَظِيفَتِهَا فِي الذَّوْدِ عَنِ الْوَطَنِ، فَالْأَفْعَالَ الَّتِي تَهَدُّدٍ بِالْخَطَرِ وَظِيفَةَ الْقُوَّاتِ الْمُسَلَّحَةِ
تَندَرِجُ دُونَ شَكِّ ضِمْنَ نِطَاقِ التَّجْرِيمِ بِمُجَرَّدِ اِتِّصَالِهَا بِالْمَصْلَحَةِ الْمَقْصُودَةِ بِالْحِمَايَةِ بِالنُّصُوصِ الْخَاصّ بِالْجرَائِمِ الْعَسْكَرِيَّةِ.
وَالْوَاقِعُ أَنَّ الْمُشَرِّعَ عِنْدَ تَقْنِينَهُ لِلْأَفْعَالِ غَيْرَ الْمَشْرُوعَةِ الَّتِي تَصْدُرُ عَنْ طَائِفَةٍ أَفَرَادَ الْعَسْكَرِيَّيْنِ، وَالَّتِي تُعَدْ جَرَائِمِ وَفَّقَا لِلْقَانُونِ الْعَسْكَرِيِّ، إِنَّمَا يَهْتَدِي بِالْغَايَةِ الَّتِي مِنْ أَجَلِهَا خَصَّ تِلْكَ الطَّائِفَةِ بِأَحْكَامِ مُعَيَّنَةِ، وَلِذَلِكَ فَإِنَّهُ كَثِيرًا مَا يَضَعُ قَوَاعِدُ تَغَايُرِ الْقَوَاعِدِ الْعَامَةَ الْمُقَرَّرَةَ فِي قَانُونِ الْعُقُوبَاتِ بِالنِّسْبَةِ لِلْأَفْعَالَ غَيْرَ الْمَشْرُوعَةِ الَّتِي تَصْدُرُ عَنْ أَفْرَادِ تِلْكَ الطَّائِفَةِ وَأَضِفْ إِلَى ذَلِكَ أَنَّ طَائِفَةَ الْعَسْكَرِيَّيْنِ لَهَا أَحْكَامُهَا الْخَاصَّةَ الَّتِي تَخْتَلِفُ عَنْ أَحْكَامِ غَيْرِهَا مِنَ الطَّوَائِفِ الْأُخْرَى
إِنَّ سِنَّ قَانُونِ عُقُوبَاتِ عَسْكَرِي يُبَرِّرُهُ وُجُودُ نِظَامِ خَاصَ بِالْجَيْشِ يَسْتَنِدُ عَلَى الطَّاعَةِ، فَبِدُونِهَا لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ الْجَيْشُ أَنَّ يَقُومُ بِوَظِيفَتِهِ بَلْ لَا يَكْوُنَّ هُنَاكَ جَيْشٍ عَلَى الْإِطْلَاقِ
وَإذاً كَانَ هَذَا هُوَ الْأَصْلُ الْعَامُّ، أَوِ الْقَاعِدَةُ الْعَامَّةُ الَّتِي تَتَمَثَّلُ فِي اِنْطِبَاقِ قَانُونِ الْأَحْكَامِ الْعَسْكَرِيَّةِ أَوْ قَانُونُ الْقَضَاءِ الْعَسْكَرِيِّ عَلَى طَائِفَةِ الْأَفْرَادِ الْعَسْكَرِيِّينَ – وَحَدَّهُمْ دُونَ غَيْرَهُمْ عِنْدَ اِرْتِكَابِهِمْ لِلْجَرَائِمَ الْعَسْكَرِيَّةَ أَثْنَاءَ تأدية وَاجِبَاتِهِمِ الْعَسْكَرِيَّةِ أَوْ بِسَبَبِهَا ؛ فَإِنَّنَا نَجْدٌ أَنَّ الْكَثِيرَ مِنَ النَّظْمِ الْقَانُونِيَّةِ الْحَديثَةِ قَدْ بَسَطَتْ وِلَاَيَةِ هَذَا الْقَانُونِ بِحَيْثُ لَمْ تَعُدْ أَحْكَامُهُ قَاصِرَةٌ فِي اِنْطِبَاقِهَا عَلَى طَائِفَةِ الْعَسْكَرِيَّيْنِ وَحَدِّهِمْ، وَإِنَّمَا اِمْتَدَّتْ لِتَشْمَلُ الْعَدِيدُ مِنَ الْجَرَائِمِ الَّتِي تَقُعُّ مِنْ أَشْخَاصِ عَادِيِّينَ عَلَى الْأَفْرَادِ الْعَسْكَرِيِّينَ أَثْنَاءَ تأدية وَاجِبَاتِهِمِ الْعَسْكَرِيَّةِ أَوْ تِلْكَ الَّتِي تَقُعُّ مِنْهُمْ عَلَى الْمُنْشَآتِ الْعَسْكَرِيَّةِ كَمَا اِنْهَ لَا يَجُوزُ مُحَاكَمَةُ مَدَنِيُّ أَمَامِ الْقَضَاءِ الْعَسْكَرِيِّ، إِلَّا فِي الْجَرَائِمِ الَّتِي تَمثُّلِ اِعْتِدَاءِ عَلَى الْمُنْشَآتِ الْعَسْكَرِيَّةِ
وَأَخِيرًا فَقَدْ يَتِمُّ الْخُرُوجُ عَلَى هَذَا الْأَصْلِ فِي الظُّروفِ الْعَادِيَّةِ وَإِحَالَةِ الْعَدِيدِ مِنَ الْجَرَائِمِ الْعَادِيَّةِ إِلَى الْقَضَاءِ الْعَسْكَرِيِّ بَدَلًا مِنَ الْقَضَاءِ الْعَادِيِّ بِمُوجِبِ قَانُونِ خَاصَ، وَذَلِكَ بِالنَّظَرِ إِلَى خُطُورَةِ هَذِهِ الْجَرَائِمِ وَمُدَى مِسَاسِهَا بِأَمْنِ الْبِلَادِ مِنْ جِهَةِ الدَّاخِلِ أَوِ الْخَارِجُ

The military institution has a special nature derived from its basic mission of preserving the security, safety and independence of the country. Therefore, it differs from the rest of the institutions of society, which requires it to have a “special” system to enable it to perform the role assigned to it in the most complete manner. So that the enemies cannot undermine it, obstruct it, or weaken its function in defending the homeland. The actions that threaten the function of the armed forces with danger undoubtedly fall within the scope of criminalization as soon as they are connected to the interest intended for protection by the texts specific to military crimes. The reality is that when the legislator codifies the unlawful acts committed by a group of military personnel, which are considered crimes according to military law, he is guided by the purpose for which he has allocated specific provisions to that group. Therefore, he often establishes rules that differ from the general rules. The provisions of the Penal Code for unlawful acts committed by members of that sect. In addition, the military sect has its own provisions that differ from those of other sects. The enactment of a military penal code is justified by the existence of a special system for the army. It is based on obedience, without which the army cannot perform its function, and there is no army at all. Therefore, this is the general principle, or the general rule that is represented in the application of the Military Provisions Law or the Military Judiciary Law to the group of military personnel - and their limits. Without others when they commit military crimes during the performance of their military duties or because of them; We find that many modern legal systems have expanded the jurisdiction of this law so that its provisions are no longer limited to military personnel alone, but rather have been extended to include many crimes committed by ordinary people against military personnel while performing their duties. Their military duties or those committed by them against military installations. It is also not permissible to try a civilian before a military court, except in crimes that constitute an attack on military installations. Finally, this principle may be deviated from in normal circumstances and many ordinary crimes may be referred To the military judiciary instead of the regular judiciary under a special law, in view of the seriousness of these crimes and the extent to which they affect the country's security from within or outside.

صدر أيضًا كقرص مدمج.

النص بالعربية والملخص باللغة الإنجليزية والعربية.