| Summary, etc. |
Egypt is characterized by organizing many special events and temporary activities throughout the year that are held on the outskirts or outside urban areas, which are manifested in various activities such as cultural, touristic, sports, and religious events. Such as popular religious celebrations (Mawlid), cultural singing festivals, sports events, and touristic activities such as camping. These events play a vital role in enhancing the tourism sector in Egypt, improving the country's image, and attracting tourists from all over the world, which benefits the local economy. They also act as a driving force for promoting Egyptian culture and heritage, and provide opportunities for exchanging experiences and knowledge between visitors and the local community. However, many of these events lack a regulatory framework to reduce the negative impacts on the host area. These events vary according to the time period, which requires the establishment of temporary hosting areas and temporary services to serve the visiting community. The most important negative effects of holding these events are summarized in the ineffectiveness of the events, pressure on infrastructure and services, incurring economic losses, and environmental and social impacts. The vast majority of these events are not subject to a tangible framework in planning or designing the event site and temporary hosting area (Modoeuf, 2006), and there is no clear legal framework or institutional support to organize and organize these activities and events, nor sufficient financial and human resources (Imam. 2020). This leads to poor quality and performance of these activities and events, as well as negative impacts on the environment, infrastructure, services and the host community (Suleiman et al., 2017). On the other hand, the temporary urban approach is an approach to organizing and improving the performance of temporary events and activities, and despite its importance, it is ineffective in dealing with events. Temporary urbanism refers to the use of rapid and economic temporary urban interventions to meet temporary or emergency needs in the urban environment. This approach allows flexibility and adaptation to rapid changes in social and economic needs, and enhances the ability of cities to renew and innovate. In the context of temporary events and activities, temporary urbanism can contribute to enhancing the utilization of available resources and improving events. In addition, temporary urbanism can enhance the sense of ownership and belonging among citizens, as they actively participate in shaping their urban environment. Therefore, the thesis aims to study the possibility of applying the temporary urbanism approach in organizing events and activities for the case in Egypt. By formulating a framework for organizing and designing temporary event sites, and design foundations and standards for the temporary hosting area, and to achieve the thesis goal, the methodology followed depends on several stages:<br/>First: The theoretical study of the concept of the temporary urbanism approach and its most important principles and foundations. An inductive approach was used to review the concepts, theories and models related to temporary urbanism, and to study its social, economic, political and cultural dimensions. And to study the patterns and fields of temporary urbanism, from which the most important principles and policies of temporary urbanism were deduced. From these dimensions, the initial design indicators were derived for organizing and designing temporary event and activity sites. A set of indicators, requirements and controls were developed by studying global and local experiences. Second: Building a proposed theoretical framework for dealing with temporary events in Egypt. It includes identifying the basic design criteria for selecting and designing sites, in addition to identifying the main elements of the hosting area. Then, a questionnaire was conducted for experts from academics and executives to verify the extent to which the proposed framework can be applied to the Egyptian case and to propose a framework for dealing with events and activities that contributes positively to achieving sustainability and flexibility, in addition to being a tool for planners and event managers that contributes to managing the event efficiently and effectively. Third: Studying the design foundations for designing a hosting area for major and limited events outside urban areas with the aim of studying these elements of the temporary event site in depth to establish design foundations for the hosting area designated for major and limited events, to ensure achieving the maximum effectiveness and efficiency in hosting events. These elements include accommodation areas, services, shared facilities, path and road networks, gathering areas, entertainment areas, parking areas, services and warehouses. (MSB, 2012). To reach the design foundations for the hosting area, a study was conducted on the requirements of each element in terms of space, spatial and design requirements by using literature and previous studies, as well as taking into account the preferences of the local community. A set of foundations and standards was developed, the suitability of which was tested for the Egyptian situation through an applied study that included a field survey and questionnaire with officials, experts and participants in the events to find out their preferences and compare them with the proposed foundations and standards, and in the end to come up with the foundations and standards that are appropriate for the Egyptian situation. |