أطروحة (ماجستير)-جامعة القاهرة، 2021.

ببليوجرافيا: صفحات. 145-164.

تعد أنماط التعلق من المفاهيم النفسية الهامة التي لها آثاراً تستمر عبر حياة الإنسان (Bowlby, 1988) حيث تعد انماط التعلق لدى الراشدين امتداداً لأنماطهم التي تكونت منذ الصغر، والتي تؤثر علي ملامح شخصيتهم وتشكيل اتجاهاتهم نحو أنفسهم ونحو الآخرين (معاوية أبو غزال، عبد الكريم جرادات، 2009) (علاء كفافي، 1997) وانطلاقاً من ذلك كشفت نتائج العديد من الدراسات أن أنماط التعلق تلعب دوراً هاماً في تشكيل الصمود النفسي الذي يبديه الأفراد في مواجهة المحن والشدائد (Berger, 2017) كما أشارت نتائج دراسة (Basal, Onur, et al. 2020) إلي أن الصمود النفسي وأنماط التعلق يكملان بعضهما البعض، ومن جانب آخر يمتد تأثير أنماط التعلق ليشمل الفاعلية الذاتية لدى الأفراد، حيث أوضحت نتائج دراسة (Thompson, 2013) أن أنماط التعلق يمكن أن تتنبأ بفاعلية الذات لدى الفرد، حيث تشير الفاعلية الذاتية إلي إحساس الفرد الشامل بكفاءته وفاعليته وجوانب القوة لديه علي تحقيق النتائج المرغوبة (علاء كفافي، جابر عبد الحميد، 1995) وبناء علي هذا تفترض الدراسة الحالية أن الصمود النفسي قد يلعب الدور الوسيط في العلاقة بين أنماط التعلق وفاعلية الذات لدى طلاب الجامعة. مشكلة الدراسة: هل يتوسط الصمود النفسي العلاقة بين أنماط التعلق وفاعلية الذات لدى طلاب الجامعة؟ أهداف الدراسة: 1. تحديد العلاقة بين أنماط التعلق والصمود النفسي لدى طلبة الجامعة من الجنسين 2. تحديد العلاقة بين الصمود النفسي وفاعلية الذات لدى طلبة الجامعة من الجنسين 3. اكتشاف ما إذا كان يمكن التنبؤ بفاعلية الذات من خلال كل من الصمود النفسي وأنماط التعلق 4. اكتشاف ما إذا كان الصمود النفسي يتوسط العلاقة بين أنماط التعلق وفاعلية الذات   أهمية الدراسة: تنقسم أهمية الدراسة إلي أهمية نظرية وأهمية تطبيقية علي النحو التالي: الأهمية النظرية: تنبع الأهمية النظرية للدراسة من أهمية المتغيرات 1. تناول الدراسة لمفهوم الصمود النفسي وهو أحد المفاهيم المهمة في علم النفس الإيجابي، والتي لازالت تحتاج إلي مزيد من البحث والدراسة وخاصة لدى طلاب الجامعة. 2. ندرة الدراسات العربية التي تناولت العلاقة بين أنماط التعلق والصمود النفسي. 3. تهتم الدراسة الحالية بمرحلة عمرية وتعليمية مهمة ألا وهي مرحلة التعليم الجامعي، حيث إن طلاب الجامعة يكونون أكثر استهدافاً من غيرهم لضغوط متعددة المصادر مما يؤثر علي صحتهم النفسية وأدائهم الأكاديمي. 4. تأتي أهمية الدراسة الحالية في المنهج المستخدم لاستكشاف المتغيرات الوسيطة، وذلك لتفسير العلاقة السببية بين عدد من المتغيرات استخدام طرق إحصائية متطورة. تكمن الأهمية التطبيقية في: يمكن أن تفيد نتائج الدراسة الحالية في تصميم برامج إرشادية تسهم في تنميوة الصمود النفسي لدى طلاب الجامعة ذوي التعلق غير الآمن مما يؤثر في فاعليتهم الذاتية، وينعكس ذلك علي أدائهم الأكاديمي ويصبح أكثر إيجابية. فروض الدراسة: 1.توجد علاقة ارتباطية دالة إحصائياً بين أنماط التعلق والصمود النفسي لدى طلاب الجامعة. 2.توجد علاقة ارتباطية دالة إحصائياً بين الصمود النفسي وفاعلية الذات لدى طلاب الجامعة. 3.يمكن التنبؤ بفاعلية الذات من خلال كل من الصمود النفسي وأنماط التعلق(القلق- التجنبي) لدى طلاب الجامعة. 4.يتوسط الصمود النفسي العلاقة بين نمطي التعلق (القلق- التجنبي) وفاعلية الذات لدى طلاب الجامعة.

Psychological Resilience as a mediator Variable between Attachment Styles and Self-efficacy among University Students.
Introduction:
Attachment Styles are among the important Psychological concepts that have effects that continue throughout human life (Bowlby, 1988). where the adults attachment styles are an extension of theit pateerns that have been formed since childhood, which affect the features of their personality and form their attiudes towards themselves and towards others (Muaia abo ghazal, Abd el Kareem garadat, 2009) (Alaa Kafafy, 1997). Based on this, the results of several studies revealed that attachment styles play an important role in shaping the Psychological resilience that individuals showing the face of adversity and hardship (Berger, 2017) , and the results of the study (Basal, Onur, et al. , 2020) indicated thay psychological resilience and attachment style they complement each other, and on the other hand, the influence of attachment styles, extends to include the self-efficacy of individuals, as the results of study (Thompson, 2013) showed that attachment styles can predict self-efficacy in an individual, as self-efficacy refers to the individuals overall sens of his efficiency, effectiveness and strengths to achieve the desired results (Alaa Kafafy, Gaber Abd el Hamid, 1995). Based on this, the current study assumes that psychological resilience may play a mediating role in the relationship between attachment styles and self-efficacy among university students.
The Study Proplem:
Does Psychological Resilience mediate relationship between Attachment styles and Self-efficacy among University students?
The Study Objectives:
1- Determining the relationship between Attachment styles and Psychological Resilience among University Students of both sexes.
2- Determining The Relationship between Psychological Resilience and Self-efficacy among University Students of both sexes.
3- Discovering whether Self-efficacy can be predicted by both Psychological Ressilienc and Attachment styles.
4- Discovering whether Psychological Resilience mediates the relationship between Attachment Styles and Self-efficacy.
The Stydy Importance:
The importance of the study is divided into theoretical and practical importance, as follows:
Theoretical Importance:
The theoretical importance of the study stems from the importance of the variables
1- The study deals with the concept of psychological Resilince, which is on of the important concept in positive psychology, which still needs further research and study, especially among university studentds.
2- The scarcity of Arab studies that dealt with the relationship between patterns of attachment Styles and psychological resilience.
3- The current study is concerned with an important age and educational stage, which is the stage of university education, as university students are more targeted than others for pressures rom multiple source, which affects their psychological health and academic performance.
4- The importance of the current study comes in the approach used to explore intermediate variables, in order to explain the casual relationship between a number of variables using ad vanced statistical methods.
 
The practical Importance lies in:
The results of the currtent study can be useful in designing counseling programs that contribute to the development of psychological resilience among university students with insecure attachment, which affects their self-efficacy, and this is reflected in their academic performance and becomes more positive.
The study hypotheses:
1- There is a statistically significant correlation between the Attachment styles and Psychological Resilience among University Students.
2- There is a statistically significant correlation between Psychological Resilience and Self-efficacy among University Students.
3- Self-efficacy can be predicated through both Psychological Resilience and Attachment Styles (Anxiety-Avoidance) among University Students.
4- Psychological Resilience mediates the relationship between the two types of Attachment (Anxiety-Avoidance) and Self-efficay among University Students.
The Study Methodology:
The study followed the descriptive approach, as it is the most appropriate for the nature and objectives of the study, which depends on the study of the phenomenon as it is in reality and expresses it quantitatively and qualitatively. The descriptive approach depends on collecting data on the phenomenon under study in preparation for classifying these data, analyzing it and drawing conclusions, and this study falls within the studies Correlational relationships, which is one of the types of descriptive research that attempts to answer the questions of the study, by analyzing the relationships between the variables related to the subject of the study, and it is the most used method in human studies.
 
The Study Sample:
The study sample consisted of (610) university students (418) and (192) students, where the average chronological age of the sample members was (20, 89) years with a standard deviation of (2, 775) years.
The study Measures:
The researcher used a set of tools to verify the hypotheses of the study, as follows: 1- Psychological resilience scale (prepared by the researcher). 2- The Adult Attachment Pattern Scale / prepared by Fraley, Waller, and Bernnan, 2000 and translated by the researcher 3- The Self-Efficacy Scale / Prepared by Tipton and Worthington. 1980 and translated by Mohamed El-Sayed Abdel-Rahman (1990).
Statistical Methods:
- Cronbach’s alpha
- Spearman-Brown, Guttman and Pearson laboratories
- Exploratory factor analysis and the Promax method
- Multiple regression analysis using the INTER method
- Partial Correlation Coefficien
The Study Results:
1- There is an inverse correlation and a statistical function between the anxious attachment style and the total degree of psychological resilience among university students, and there is an inverse and statistically significant correlation between the anxious attachment style and (flexibility, optimism and meaning of life) among university students, as the results indicated that there is no correlation There is a statistical function between the total degree of psychological resilience and the avoidant attachment style, while there is a direct and statistically significant relationship between the avoidant attachment style and (flexibility) among university students, and a direct and statistically significant correlation between the avoidant attachment style and (optimism and meaning of life) among university students, as well as There is an inverse and statistically significant relationship between the avoidant attachment style and (social support) among university student.
2- There is a direct and statistically significant correlation between self-efficacy and each of (total degree of psychological resilience, dimensions of psychological resilience in the current study, namely: flexibility - optimism and meaning of life - facing challenges - social support) among university students.
3- There is a statistically significant effect for each of the anxiety and avoidance attachment styles, and the total degree of psychological resilience in predicting the total degree of self-efficacy among university students.
4- Psychological resilience mediates the relationship between the variables of self-efficacy and the pattern of anxious attachment among university students, and psychological resilience mediates the relationship between self-efficacy and the pattern of avoidant attachment among university students.

صدر أيضًا كقرص مدمج.

النص بالعربية والملخص بالإنجليزية.