Thesis (M.Sc)-Cairo University, 2024.

Bibliography: pages 17-19.

A bulk membrane Optode is proposed in this work to measure the Ag+ concentration
in the pharmaceutical formulations. The membrane optode is prepared then is studied
by atomic force microscope and UV–visible spectrophotometer, and its spectrum
exhibits two maximum wavelengths of 550 and 665 nm, and response for Ag+ at
these maximum wavelengths is reproducible in the concentration range of 10–11 to
10–8 M using acetate buffer of pH 5.0, with very low detection limit of 8.8 × 10–12
M. The selectivity is improved for Ag+ over all interfering ions; the selectivity
coefficient logarithm logKoptAg+, cation is found to be − 4.3 for Cu2+, − 5.6 for Ni2+,
and − 5.0 for Cd2+. FTIR studies the response mechanism, and it depends on ion-
exchange of Ag+ and sodium imidazolyl borate, followed by the host–guest
complexation between Ag+ and the crown ionophore, which is accompanied by
concomitant deprotonation of the chromoionphore. The optode has a response time
of 2–3 min within a lifetime of 10 days with the same response. The optode can be
applied successfully for Ag+ determination in the pharmaceutical formulation.

ﯾُﻘﺘﺮح ﻓﻲ ھﺬا اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺟﮭﺎز ﻗﯿﺎس ﺿﻮﺋﻲ ﻏﺸﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﺒﯿﺮ ﻟﻘﯿﺎس ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺰ أﯾﻮن اﻟﻔﻀﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺤﻀﺮات اﻟﺼﯿﺪﻻﻧﯿﺔ. ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﻀﯿﺮ ﺟﮭﺎز ﻗﯿﺎس ﺿﻮﺋﻲ ﻏﺸﺎﺋﻲ ﺛﻢ دراﺳﺘﮫ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﻣﺠﮭﺮ اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﺬرﯾﺔ وﻣﻘﯿﺎس اﻟﻄﯿﻒ اﻟﻤﺮﺋﻲ ﻓﻮق اﻟﺒﻨﻔﺴﺠﻲ، وظﮭﺮ طﯿﻔﮫ أﻗﺼﻰ طﻮﻟﯿﻦ ﻣﻮﺟﯿﯿﻦ 550 و665 ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ، وﯾﻤﻜﻦ إﻋﺎدة إﻧﺘﺎج اﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﻟـ أﯾﻮن اﻟﻔﻀﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ أﻗﺼﻰ طﻮﻟﯿﻦ ﻣﻮﺟﯿﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻄﺎق ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺰ 11-10 إﻟﻰ 8-10 ﻣﻮﻻر ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام
ﻣﺤﻠﻮل أﺳﯿﺘﺎت ﺑﺪرﺟﺔ ﺣﻤﻮﺿﺔ 5.0، ﻣﻊ ﺣﺪ اﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﻣﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﯾﺔ ﯾﺒﻠﻎ 8.8 ×12-10 ﻣﻮﻻر. ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﺴﯿﻦ اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﺋﯿﺔ ﻟـ أﯾﻮن اﻟﻔﻀﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ
ﺟﻤﯿﻊ اﻷﯾﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺪاﺧﻠﺔ ﺗﻢ اﻟﻌﺜﻮر ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﺋﯿﺔ logKoptAg+ ، واﻟﻜﺎﺗﯿﻮﻧﺎت 4.3 ﻟـ Cu2+ ، 5.6 ﻟـ Ni2+ و 5.0 ﻟـ . Cd2+ ﺗﻢ
دراﺳﺔ آﻟﯿﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﻣﻄﯿﺎف اﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻞ ﻓﻮرﯾﯿﮫ ، وﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺒﺎدل اﻷﯾﻮﻧﺎت ﻟـ Ag+ وﺑﻮرات إﯾﻤﯿﺪازول اﻟﺼﻮدﯾﻮم، ﻣﺘﺒﻮﻋًﺎ ﺑﺘﻜﻮﯾﻦ ﻣﻌﻘﺪ اﻟﻤﻀﯿﻒ واﻟﻀﯿﻒ ﺑﯿﻦ Ag+ واﻷﯾﻮﻧﻮﻓﻮر اﻟﺘﺎﺟﻲ، واﻟﺬي ﯾﺼﺎﺣﺒﮫ ﻧﺰع ﺑﺮوﺗﻮن ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺐ ﻟﻠﻜﺮوﻣﻮ أﯾﻮﻧﻔﻮر. ﯾﺘﻤﺘﻊ اﻟﻐﺸﺎء اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﺑﻮﻗﺖ اﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﻣﻦ 2 إﻟﻰ 3 دﻗﺎﺋﻖ ﺧﻼل ﻋﻤﺮ اﻓﺘﺮاﺿﻲ ﯾﺒﻠﻎ 10 أﯾﺎم ﺑﻨﻔﺲ اﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ. ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻖ اﻟﻐﺸﺎء اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﺑﻨﺠﺎح ﻟﺘﺤﺪﯾﺪ أﯾﻮن اﻟﻔﻀﺔ Ag+ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺒﺔ اﻟﺼﯿﺪﻻﻧﯿﺔ. ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺼﻒ ھﺬه اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﺗﻄﻮر اﻷﻏﺸﯿﺔ اﻟﻀﻮﺋﯿﺔ اﻷﯾﻮﻧﯿﺔ اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل وﺻﻒ اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﯿﺠﯿﺎت ﺣﺪﯾﺜﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺴﯿﻦ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﯿﺘﮭﺎ واﻧﺘﻘﺎﺋﯿﺘﮭﺎ وﻗﺪرﺗﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﻔﻌﻠﻲ. وأﻓﺎدت اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﻋﻦ أﺟﮭﺰة اﻟﻘﯿﺎس اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﯿﺪﯾﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻐﺸﺎء اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ، وﺑﺤﺜﺖ ﻓﻲ أﺣﺪث اﻷﺑﺤﺎث وﻣﺒﺎدئ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿﻢ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﯿﺔ واﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯿﺔ، ﻣﺜﻞ اﻷﯾﻮﻧﻮﻓﻮرات واﻷﺻﺒﺎغ اﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮة واﻷﻏﺸﯿﺔ اﻟﺒﻮﻟﯿﻤﺮﯾﺔ واﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻨﺎﻧﻮﯾﺔ، ﻓﻲ ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻊ اﻷﻏﺸﯿﺔ اﻟﻀﻮﺋﯿﺔ. وﻗﺪ ﺗﻢ إﯾﻼء اھﺘﻤﺎم ﺧﺎص ﻟﻠﻤﻮاد اﻟﻨﺎﻧﻮﯾﺔ (ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل، اﻟﻨﻘﺎط اﻟﻜﻤﻮﻣﯿﺔ وﻧﻘﺎط اﻟﺒﻮﻟﯿﻤﺮ واﻟﻜﺮات اﻟﻨﺎﻧﻮﯾﺔ واﻟﻘﻀﺒﺎن اﻟﻨﺎﻧﻮﯾﺔ واﻟﻜﺒﺴﻮﻻت اﻟﻨﺎﻧﻮﯾﺔ) وﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺧﺎص ﺣﻮل ﻛﯿﻔﯿﺔ ﺗﻌﺰﯾﺰ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻷرﺿﯿﺔ اﻟﻨﺎدرة ﻹﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺗﮭﺎ. ﻛﻤﺎ وﺻﻔﺖ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻤﺎت اﻷﻏﺸﯿﺔ اﻟﻀﻮﺋﯿﺔ اﻷﯾﻮﻧﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺒﺘﻜﺮة، ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ أﺟﮭﺰة اﻟﻘﯿﺎس اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ اﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻼرﺗﺪاء وأﺟﮭﺰة اﻟﻘﯿﺎس اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﮭﻮاﺗﻒ اﻟﺬﻛﯿﺔ وأﺟﮭﺰة اﻟﻘﯿﺎس اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ اﻟﻮرﻗﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻨﮭﺎ. ﻓﺈن ھﺬا اﻟﻤﻠﺨﺺ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﯾﻤﮭﺪ اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻖ ﻟﻼﺑﺘﻜﺎرات واﻟﺘﻄﺒﯿﻘﺎت اﻟﻘﺎدﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﻻت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ (اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺤﻀﺮات اﻟﺼﯿﺪﻻﻧﯿﺔ، واﻟﺘﺸﺨﯿﺺ اﻟﻄﺒﻲ، واﻟﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﺒﯿﺌﯿﺔ، واﻟﺘﻄﺒﯿﻘﺎت اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﯿﺔ.(

Issues also as CD.

Text in English and abstract in Arabic & English.