Thesis (M.Sc.) - Cairo University - National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences (NILES) - Department of Laser Applications in Environmental Metrology Photochemistry and Agriculture

Air pollution is becoming one of the most difficult environmental issues to deal with. As known, the polluted air includes various chemical compositions, including dust, toxic gases, green house gases, and metal salts. Among them, nitrogen oxides (NO {u0353} ).NO {u0353} generation contains two majority routes. Natural emissions of NO {u0353} mainly come from the decomposition of organic substances in the soil or in the ocean, geologic activities (including volcano eruption, earthquakes, and others), and lightning, natural fires. Anthropogenic emissions of NOx mostly come from fossil fuel combustion processes, such as automobiles, aircraft, industrial and internal combustion processes. NO {u0353} have hazard for environment and humans as threats to human and animal health. Among of these hazardous is acid rain that causing climate change and ozone depletion. Two traditional routes were proposed by the scientists for removing NO {u0353}. The first approach is called selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) which utilized to improve coal combustion process through reducing the emission of NO {u0353} in thermal power industries. The other one is to purify the generated NO {u0353} via eliminating them from the flue gas, this method called selective catalytic reduction (SCR). These techniques need high cost and difficult specific environmental conditions, for example elevated temperature is required. Photocatalytic NO {u0353} removal approach gained great of attentionsowing to its preferred advantages, including simple operation, low cost, high efficiency, and strong durability

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