Thesis (Ph.D.) - Cairo University - Faculty of Agriculture - Department of Agricultural Biochemistry

Chenopodium murale and Sonchus oleraceus aerial parts were subjected to a successive extraction by using solvent of different polarities; each fraction was evaluated for its antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer and the anti-arthritic activity. Each active extract was farther biogided fractionated to determine and identify the active compound/s present in each sub-fraction. All the tested species were extracted using four solvents: hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water. Phenols, flavonoids, and tannins were quantified for all extracts.The antioxidant activity was measured by using four methods: DPPH., ABTS., Fe⁺²and chelating reducing power for the four fractions of the plants under study.The best values of IC₅₀ were obtained for their ability to neutralize each of DPPH., ABTS.,Fe⁺²and chelating reducing power from ethyl acetate extract and methanol. Ethyl Acetate and methanol extracts showed higher antibacterial activity (gram-positive and gram-negative) than the aqueous extract of both C. murale and S. oleraceus.The results also showed anti-tumor activity against breast, colon and liver cancer cells. The anti-growth activity of tumors depends on the concentration extracted using the MTT method.The anti-inflammatory activity results showed an increase in inhibition with increasing the concentration of plant extracts. For C. murale and S. oleraceus, ethyl acetate fraction was found to be the most important as it produced the highest percentage of inhibition, compared to Diclofenac at 500 mg / mL. Regarding the C. murale plant, the study revealed the highest inhibition rate of methanolic fraction, followed by hexane fraction. The identification of chemical constituents of each fraction was carried out by GC/MS analysis for non-polar, methylated fractions and HPLC techniques were used for analysis of polar fractions

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