19405nam a2200433Ia 4500 OSt 20260613143601.0 2310s2021 ua a frm 000 0 und d EG-GICUC eng EG-GICUC EG-GICUC rda eng eng ara Deposit 633 633 21 Ph.D Cai01.12.25.Ph.D.2021.Sh.M. Shaimaa Mahmoud Ahmed Ahmed، preparation. Molecular CHARacterization of bread wheat under saline conditions / by Shaimaa Mahmoud Ahmed Ahmed; Supervised Prof.Dr. Maimona Abd-elaziz Kord, Prof.Dr. Rehab Mahmoud Hafez, Prof.Dr. Osama Ahmed Momtaz،Mohamed Nabeh Amer. ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﺟﺰﻳﺌﻲ لقمح الخبز تحت ظروف الملوحة 2021. 78 p. : illustrations ; 25cm CD rda content text rdamedia Unmediated rdacarrier volume .Thesis (Ph.D)-Cairo Univsersity,2022 Bibliography: p. 68-78. many parts of the world including Egypt, salinity significantly restricts the growth of wheat. Phenotyping elite bread wheat germplasm has high importance for its effective utilization in breeding programs. The objectives of this study were to screen elite bread wheat genotypes versus egyptian checks, under saline soil conditions and assessing interrelationships between grain yield and yield-related traits in El-Arish, Egypt. In addition, marker trait associations and genome wide association mapping were performed for quantitative trait loci detection for different agronomic traits. One experiment was conducted in two seasons; under saline soil conditions of El-Arish, Sinai, where soil ECe was 8.68 and 9.31 dSm-1 in the first and second season, respectively. A simple lattice design (13x13) with two replications was used. Data for the the thousand-grain weight , highest plant survival rate, plant height, number of seeds/spike, number of spikes/plant and seeds/spike, spike length, spike weight and grain yield were collected in the field. Principle component analysis (PCA), Genotype by Trait (GT) Biplot technique and Pearson’s correlation were performed. We detected genomic loci associated with salt tolerance using over, 24145 single nucleotide polymorphism for the ten phenotypic traits studied in this experiment. In addition, CHARacterizing candidate genes neighboring the associated SNPs was done. Another experiment was performed to compare the performance of the 159 elite genotypes versus the 15 Egyptian checks, in alpha lattice design at saline field of EC 10 ds/m. Data for the the thousand-grain weight , highest plant survival rate, plant height, number of seeds/spike, number of spikes/plant and seeds/spike, spike length and spike weight were collected in the field. Bread wheat genotypes recorded significant differences (p<0.01) for all studied traits under a saline environment. The promising genotype(s) were identified (No. 129 and No. 148) which had the highest grain yield. Results of Pearson’s correlation indicated that the traits, spikes/plant (0.77) and tillers/plant (0.73) were strongly and positively correlated with grain yield/plant (GY). The identified promising genotypes and secondary traits could be offered to bread wheat breeders for use in future breeding programs to improve salinity tolerance. The results of the genome wide association mapping showed that ten trait- marker associations were detected on the 1D, 3A, and 6B &#99;&#104;&#114;omosomes of bread wheat. For spikes/plant and tillers/plant, seven common SNPs (SNP- BobWhite_c8340_511, SNP- BobWhite_rep_c49102_169, SNP- BS00068520_51, SNP- IAAV3900, SNP- Kukri_c34195_357, SNP- Kukri_c80104_809 and SNP- wsnp_RFL_Contig429_4978628) were identified on &#99;&#104;&#114;omosome 3A. For plant height, SNP- Excalibur_c91980_139 was identified on &#99;&#104;&#114;omosome 6B in the two seasons and for spike length, SNP- D_GA8KES401EYUM8_190 was identified on &#99;&#104;&#114;omsome 1D. SNP BobWhite_rep_c49102_169 was previously reported to be linked to germination under salt stress. BS00068520_51 was found to be associated to thousand kernel weight while the SNPs Kukri_c34195_357 and Kukri_c80104_809 were associated with flour colour related traits, under non saline conditions. These SNPs were associated with spikes and tillers/plant in the present study. The other six SNPs are novel to be found to salinity tolerance related traits. The results of the comparison between the performance of the elite genotypes and the Egyptian cultivars suggested that the elite wheat genotypes had maximum values for the traits under study except for seeds/spike, spike length and spike weight. Thus, it is recommended to cross the superior Egyptian cultivars for the seeds/spike, spike length and spike weight with the elite genotypes to improve their performance in these traits. أﻓﺎدت ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ اﻷﻏﺬﻳﺔ واﻟﺰراﻋﺔ أن أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ 400 ﻣﻠﻴﻮن ﻫﻜﺘﺎر ﻣﻦ اﻷراﺿﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﻧﺤﺎء اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﺗﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻠﻮﺣﺔ. ﻳﻘﺘﺮح أن ﺗﻮﻓﺮ اﻷراﺿﻲ اﻟﺼﺎﻟﺤﺔ ﻟﻠﺰراﻋﺔ ﺳﻴﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ 50% ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم 2050 ﺑﺴﺒﺐ زﻳﺎدة ﺗﻤﻠﺢ اﻷراﺿﻲ اﻟﺰراﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ. ﻳﺠﺐ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻮارد اﻟﻮراﺛﻴﺔ اﻟﺒﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺘﻜﺎﺛﺮ ﻹﻧﺘﺎج ﻏﻼت ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ، واﻟﺘﻜﻴﻒ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻈﺮوف اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ، واﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ، وﺗﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻀﻐﻮط اﻟﺤﻴﻮﻳﺔ وﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﺤﻴﻮﻳﺔ. ﺗﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺑﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﻮاﺳﻤﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻄﻮرات اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻴﻨﻮم اﻟﻘﻤﺢ ، ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺗﺴﻠﺴﻞ ﺟﻴﻨﻮم اﻟﻘﻤﺢ ، واﻻﺳﺘﻨﺴﺎخ وإدﺧﺎل اﻟﺠﻴﻨﺎت ذات اﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ. ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﻫﺬه اﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ أﻗﺴﺎم رﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ؛ ﻳﻘﻮم اﻟﺠﺰء اﻷول ﺑﻔﺤﺺ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻠﻮﺣﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ 169 )159 ﺻﻨﻔًﺎ وراﺛﻴًﺎ ﻣﺘﻤﻴﺰًا ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ 10 أﺻﻨﺎف ﻣﺼﺮﻳﺔ.( ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ ذﻟﻚ ، ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺒﺎدﻟﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل اﻟﺤﺒﻮب واﻟﺴﻤﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺮﻳﺶ ، ﻣﺼﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻇﻞ ﻇﺮوف اﻟﻤﻠﻮﺣﺔ. ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﻦ أن اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻫﻮ إﺟﺮاء رﺳﻢ ﺧﺮاﺋﻂ ارﺗﺒﺎط اﻟﺠﻴﻨﻮم اﻟﻮاﺳﻊ ﻟﻠﻜﺸﻒ اﻟﻜﻤﻲ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ اﻟﺴﻤﺎت ﻟﻠﺴﻤﺎت اﻟﺰراﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﻠﺢ. ﺗﻢ اﻟﻌﺜﻮر ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﻤﺮﺷﺢ اﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻠﻮﺣﺔ ﻟﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﺤﺎﻃﺔ ﺑﺠﻤﻌﻴﺎت اﻟﺴﻤﺎت اﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ. وأﺧﻴﺮًا ، اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ أداء اﻟﻄﺮز اﻟﻮراﺛﻴﺔ اﻟﻨﺨﺒﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ أداء اﻟﻔﺤﻮﺻﺎت اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻠﻮﺣﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﻘﻮﻣﻲ ﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﻘﻤﺢ. أﻣﺎ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻓﻘﺪ أﺟﺮﻳﺖ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﺔ واﺣﺪة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺳﻤﻴﻦ. ﺗﺤﺖ ﻇﺮوف اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﺤﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺮﻳﺶ ، ﺳﻴﻨﺎء ﺣﻴﺚ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ 8,68 ECe و ١٣.٩ دﻳﺴﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻢ اﻷول واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ. ﺗﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺷﺒﻜﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﻂ )13 × 13( ﻣﻊ ﻣﻜﺮرﻳﻦ. ﺳﺠﻠﺖ اﻟﻄﺮز اﻟﻮراﺛﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﻤﺢ اﻟﺨﺒﺰ ﻓﺮوق ﻣﻌﻨﻮﻳﺔ P) >0,001( ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﺼﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﺪروﺳﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﺤﺔ. ﻛﺎن ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻳﻦ اﻟﻤﻈﻬﺮى (PCV) وﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻳﻦ اﻟﻮراﺛﻰ (GCV) أﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻟﻤﺤﺼﻮل اﻟﺤﺒﻮب واﻟﺤﺮث / اﻟﻨﺒﺎت واﻟﺴﻨﻐﺮات / اﻟﻨﺒﺎت ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻌﺔ ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻤﻴﻦ. ﻣﺤﺼﻮل اﻟﺤﺒﻮب ﻟﻜﻞ وﻋﺎء ، أﻇﻬﺮ ﻋﺪد اﻟﺤﺮاﺛﺔ / اﻟﻨﺒﺎت واﻟﺴﻨﺎﺑﻞ / ﻧﺒﺎت ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺔ وراﺛﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ وﺗﻄﻮرًا ﺟﻴﻨﻴًﺎ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻌًﺎ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻌًﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻻﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﻬﺎ ﺑﺘﺤﻤّﻞ اﻟﻤﻠﻮﺣﺔ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺸﻴﺮ إﻟﻰ أن ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات اﻟﺠﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﻤﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺗﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ وراﺛﺔ اﻟﺼﻔﺎت وأن اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎء ﺳﻴﻜﻮن ﻓﻌﺎﻟًﺎ ﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺼﻔﺎت. ﻟﻮﺣﻆ أن ﻣﺤﺼﻮل اﻟﺤﺒﻮب / ﻧﺒﺎت ﻳﺘﺮاوح ﻣﻦ 04.٦ إﻟﻰ 35,56 ﺟﻢ ﺑﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ.16,21 ﺟﻢ / ﻧﺒﺎت ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻌﺔ ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻤﻴﻦ. ﺗﻢ اﻟﺘﻌﺮف ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ اﻟﻮراﺛﻲ اﻟﻮاﻋﺪ )رﻗﻢ 129 ورﻗﻢ ٨٤١( اﻟﺬي ﻛﺎن ﻟﻪ أﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺒﻮب. ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ اﻷﻧﻤﺎط اﻟﺠﻴﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﻮاﻋﺪة اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪﻫﺎ واﻟﺴﻤﺎت اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻤﺮﺑﻲ اﻟﻘﻤﺢ اﻟﻄﺮي ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻠﻮﺣﺔ. أﺷﺎرت ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﻴﺮﺳﻮن إﻟﻰ أن اﻟﺼﻔﺎت ، اﻟﺴﻨﺎﺑﻞ / ﻧﺒﺎت )٧٧.٠( واﻟﺤﺮث / ﻧﺒﺎت )73.٠( ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ارﺗﺒﺎﻃًﺎ وﺛﻴﻘًﺎ وإﻳﺠﺎﺑﻴًﺎ ﺑﺤﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﺤﺒﻮب / ﻧﺒﺎت .(GY) ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺰء اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ، ﺗُﺴﺘﺨﺪم دراﺳﺎت اﻻرﺗﺒﺎط ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺠﻴﻨﻮم (GWAS) ﻟﻠﻜﺸﻒ اﻟﻜﻤﻲ ﻋﻦ .SNP ﻛﺸﻔﺖ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺸﺮة ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت ﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ اﻟﺴﻤﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ٦٤١٤٢ ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ اﻟﺘﺘﺒﻊ ﻟﺴﻤﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻜﺮوﻣﻮﺳﻮﻣﺎت ١D و ٣ A و ٦ B ﻣﻦ ﻗﻤﺢ اﻟﺨﺒﺰ. ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻣﻴﺮ / اﻟﻨﺒﺎت واﻟﺤﺮث / اﻟﻨﺒﺎت ، ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ SNPs ،SNP- BS00068520_51 ،SNP- BobWhite_rep_c49102_169 ،SNP- BobWhite_c8340_511 ) ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ .SNP- Kukri_c80104_29 ،SNP- Kukri_c34195_357 ،SNP- Kukri_c34195_357 ،SNP- IAAV3900 ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻻرﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﻨﺒﺎت ، ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ Excalibur_c91980_139 SNP- ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﺮوﻣﻮﺳﻮم ٦B ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻤﻴﻦ وﻃﻮل اﻟﺴﻨﺒﻠﺔ ، ﺗﻢ SNP ١.D ﺗﻢ اﻹﺑﻼغ ﺳﺎﺑﻘًﺎ ﻋﻦ ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﺮوﻣﻮﺳﻮم SNP- D_GA8KES401EYUM8_190 ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ BobWhite_rep_c49102_169 ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺒﺎت ﺗﺤﺖ ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﻠﺢ. ﺗﻢ اﻟﻌﺜﻮر ﻋﻠﻰ BS00068520_51 ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻄًﺎ ﺑﻮزن اﻷﻟﻒ ﻧﻮاة ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﻢ رﺑﻂ Kukri_c34195_357 SNPs و Kukri_c80104_809 ﺑﺼﻔﺎت ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺑﻠﻮن اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ، ﻓﻲ ﻇﺮوف ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻠﺤﻴﺔ. ارﺗﺒﻄﺖ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻨﻴﻮﻛﻠﻮﺗﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻣﻴﺮ واﻟﺤﺮث / اﻟﻨﺒﺎت ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ. ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻷﺷﻜﺎل اﻟﺴﺘﺔ اﻷﺧﺮى ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻴﻮﻛﻠﻴﻮﺗﻴﺪات SNPs ﺟﺪﻳﺪة ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﻌﺜﻮر ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺘﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻠﻮﺣﺔ. ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺰء اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ، أﻗﻴﻤﺖ اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻘﻞ ﻣﻠﺤﻲ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺛﻠﺚ اﻟﻌﺮﻳﺶ )ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﺷﻤﺎل ﺳﻴﻨﺎء ، ﻣﺼﺮ( ﻓﻲ ﻧﻮﻓﻤﺒﺮ 2018/19 و2019/ 20 ، ﺗﻢ ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ (EC) ﻟﺘﻜﻮن 10,2 دﻳﺴﻲ ﺳﻴﻤﻨﺰ / م. ﺗﻢ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻃﻮل اﻟﻨﺒﺎت ، ﻋﺪد اﻟﺤﺮاﺛﺔ / ﻧﺒﺎت ، ﻋﺪد اﻟﺴﻨﺎﺑﻞ / ﻧﺒﺎت ، ﻋﺪد اﻟﺴﻨﻴﺒﻼت / اﻟﺴﻨﺒﻠﺔ ، ﻋﺪد اﻟﺒﺬور / اﻟﺴﻨﺒﻠﺔ ، ﻃﻮل اﻟﺴﻨﺒﻠﺔ ، وزن اﻟﺴﻨﺒﻠﺔ ووزن اﻷﻟﻒ ﺣﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﻨﻀﺞ. ﻟﻮﺣﻆ ﻣﻌﺪل ﺗﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻠﻮﺣﺔ (STR) ﻓﻲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺸﺘﻼت. أﻇﻬﺮ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻜﺘﻤﻠﺔ وﺟﻮد اﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎت ﻣﻌﻨﻮﻳﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻄﺮز اﻟﻮراﺛﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻤﺢ ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﺼﻔﺎت ﻗﻴﺪ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ. ﻟﻮﺣﻈﺖ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮات ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻮرﻳﺚ ﻟﻠﺼﻔﺎت ﻗﻴﺪ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ، ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻳﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻮي اﻟﺬي ﺗﻢ اﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎﺟﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻄﺮز اﻟﺠﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺼﻔﺎت ﻗﻴﺪ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ. ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻻرﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﻨﺒﺎت ، اﻟﺴﻨﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻧﺒﺎت ، ﻣﻌﺪل ﺗﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻠﻮﺣﺔ ، وزن أﻟﻒ ﺣﺒﺔ واﻟﺤﺮث ﻟﻜﻞ ﻧﺒﺎت ، ﻛﺎن أداء اﻟﻄﺮز اﻟﻮراﺛﻴﺔ اﻟﻨﺨﺒﺔ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻦ أﻓﻀﻞ اﻟﺼﻨﻒ اﻟﻤﺼﺮي. أﻇﻬﺮ 30,19٪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺮاﻛﻴﺐ اﻟﺠﻴﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﻨﺨﺒﺔ أداءً أﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻦ أﻓﻀﻞ اﻟﺼﻨﻒ اﻟﻤﺼﺮي ﻟﻠﺤﺮاﺛﺎت ﻟﻜﻞ ﻧﺒﺎت ، و 1,89٪ ﻻرﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﻨﺒﺎت وﻣﻌﺪل ﺗﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻠﻮﺣﺔ و 3,14٪ ﻟﻠﺴﻨﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻧﺒﺎت ووزن أﻟﻒ ﺣﺒﺔ. وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ ، أﻇﻬﺮت ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﺻﻨﺎف اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﺔ أداء أﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺮاﻛﻴﺐ اﻟﺠﻴﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﻨﺨﺒﺔ ﻟﺼﻔﺎت أﺧﺮى. ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻸﺻﻨﺎف اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﺔ ، ﻓﺈن 1 Sids و Sids ﻛﺎن ﻟﻬﺎ أﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪد ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺬور / ﺳﻨﺒﻠﺔ. ﻛﺎن 12 Sids و Sids13 أﻋﻠﻰ ارﺗﻔﺎع وأﻛﺒﺮ ﻋﺪد ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻨﻴﺒﻼت / اﻟﺴﻨﺒﻠﺔ. ﻛﺎن أﻋﻠﻰ وزن ﺳﺒﺎﻳﻚ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻤﻴﻦ ﻫﻮ ﺟﻤﻴﺰة 12. ذﻟﻚ ، ﺑﻨﺎءً ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ، ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ اﻟﻮراﺛﻲ اﻟﻮاﻋﺪ )رﻗﻢ 129 ورﻗﻢ 148( اﻟﺬي ﻛﺎن ﻟﻪ أﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﺣﺒﻮب. أﺷﺎرت ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﻴﺮﺳﻮن إﻟﻰ أن اﻟﺼﻔﺎت ، اﻟﺴﻨﺎﺑﻞ / ﻧﺒﺎت )٧٧.٠( واﻟﺤﺮث / ﻧﺒﺎت )73.٠( ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ارﺗﺒﺎﻃًﺎ وﺛﻴﻘًﺎ وإﻳﺠﺎﺑﻴًﺎ ﺑﺤﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﺤﺒﻮب / ﻧﺒﺎت .(GY) ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ اﻷﻧﻤﺎط اﻟﺠﻴﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﻮاﻋﺪة اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪﻫﺎ واﻟﺴﻤﺎت اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻤﺮﺑﻲ اﻟﻘﻤﺢ اﻟﻄﺮي ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻠﻮﺣﺔ. أﻇﻬﺮت ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ رﺳﻢ ﺧﺮاﺋﻂ اﻻرﺗﺒﺎط اﻟﻮاﺳﻊ ﻟﻠﺠﻴﻨﻮم أﻧﻪ ﺗﻢ اﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﻋﺸﺮة ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت ﻟﻮاﺳﻤﺎت اﻟﺴﻤﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﺮوﻣﻮﺳﻮﻣﺎت ١D و ٣ A و ٦ B ﻟﻘﻤﺢ اﻟﺨﺒﺰ. ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻣﻴﺮ / اﻟﻨﺒﺎت SNP- ،SNP- BobWhite_c8340_511 ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ ) SNPs واﻟﺤﺮث / اﻟﻨﺒﺎت ، ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ SNP- Kukri_c34195_357 ،SNP- IAAV3900 ،SNP- BS00068520_51 ،BobWhite_rep_c49102_169 SNP- ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ Kukri_c80104_29 .SNP- ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻻرﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﻨﺒﺎت ، ،SNP- Kukri_c34195_357 ، SNP- ٦B ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻤﻴﻦ وﻃﻮل اﻟﺴﻨﺒﻠﺔ ، ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﺮوﻣﻮﺳﻮم Excalibur_c91980_139 D_GA8KES401EYUM8_190 ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﺮوﻣﻮﺳﻮم ١.D ارﺗﺒﻄﺖ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻨﻴﻮﻛﻠﻮﺗﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻣﻴﺮ واﻟﺤﺮث / اﻟﻨﺒﺎت ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ. ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻷﺷﻜﺎل اﻟﺴﺘﺔ اﻷﺧﺮى ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻴﻮﻛﻠﻴﻮﺗﻴﺪات SNPs ﺟﺪﻳﺪة ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﻌﺜﻮر ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺘﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻠﻮﺣﺔ. أﺷﺎرت ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ أداء اﻟﻄﺮز اﻟﻮراﺛﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺨﺒﺔ واﻷﺻﻨﺎف اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﺔ إﻟﻰ أن اﻟﻄﺮز اﻟﻮراﺛﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻤﺢ اﻟﻨﺨﺒﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻗﻴﻢ ﻗﺼﻮى ﻟﻠﺼﻔﺎت ﻗﻴﺪ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء اﻟﺒﺬور / اﻟﺴﻨﺒﻠﺔ ، وﻃﻮل اﻟﺴﻨﺒﻠﺔ ، ووزن اﻟﺴﻨﺒﻠﺔ. ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﻮﺻﻰ ﺑﻌﺒﻮر اﻷﺻﻨﺎف اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻔﻮﻗﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺬور / اﻟﺴﻨﺒﻠﺔ وﻃﻮل اﻟﺴﻨﺒﻠﺔ ووزن اﻟﺴﻨﺒﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻄﺮز اﻟﻮراﺛﻴﺔ اﻟﻨﺨﺒﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻦ أداﺋﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺼﻔﺎت Issues also as CD. Text in English and abstract in Arabic & English. Biotechnology Principle component analysis Maimona Abd-elaziz Kord thesis advisor. Rehab Mahmoud Hafez thesis advisor. Osama Ahmed Momtaz،Mohamed Nabeh Amer. thesis advisor. 01-01-2022 Maimona Abd-elaziz Kord Rehab Mahmoud Hafez Osama Ahmed Momtaz،Mohamed Nabeh Amer Cairo University Faculty of Science Department of Agricultural Biotechnology Shimaa TH ddc 163711 ddc 295354 CUCL cl210 2024-02-11 85784 Cai01.12.25.Ph.D.2021.Sh.M 01010110085784000 2023-10-30 00:00:00 2023-10-30 TH