TY  - BOOK
AU  - Alaa Samir El Said Mohamed,
AU  - Soheir Shehata RezkAllah
AU  - Ghada Abdel Moniem Abdullah
AU  - Amr Saadeldeen Shalaby
TI  - Effect of different carrier frequencies of interferential current on upper trapezius myofascial trigger points: A randomized controlled trial / 
U1  - 615.82 
PY  - 2024///
KW  - Physical Therapy
KW  - qrmak
KW  - Electro therapy
KW  - interferential current
KW  - carrier frequency
KW  - neck pain
KW  - myofascial trigger points
N1  - Thesis (Ph.D)-Cairo University, 2024.; Bibliography: pages 122-134.; Issued also as CD
N2  - Objective: This study was performed to investigate the effect of different carrier 
frequencies of interferential current (IFC) on upper trapezius myofascial trigger points 
(MTrPs). Methods: Sixty-eight participants (45 females and 23 males) having upper 
trapezius latent MTrPs were randomly assigned into four equal groups. Group A 
received standard treatment and IFC with carrier frequency 2 KHz, Group B received 
standard treatment and IFC with carrier frequency 4 KHz, Group C received standard 
treatment and IFC with carrier frequency 8 KHz and Group D received standard 
treatment and placebo IFC. The standard treatment consisted of active cervical range of 
motion (ROM), stretching exercises and postural correction exercises. Outcome 
measures were pressure pain threshold (PPT) that was measured by pressure gauge 
algometer, active cervical ROM that was measured by clinometer application, electrical 
activity of upper trapezius muscle that was measured by surface electromyography, and 
neck function that was measured by Arabic neck disability index. Measurements were 
recorded before and immediately after the end of the treatment program. Results: There 
were statistical significant differences in in all measured variables in the four groups 
post treatment compared with pretreatment (p values were 0.001). Higher improvement 
in all measured variables was recorded in the study groups who received IFC plus 
standard treatment compared to the control group whereas the superiority of results was 
in favor of the group who received IFC with carrier frequency 2 kHz. The improvement 
was evident in PPT, cervical extension, cervical lateral flexion toward untreated side and 
cervical rotation to the treated side (p value = 0.001, 0.013, 0.001, 0.001 respectively). 
Conclusion: Adding IFC to the standard treatment was effective in the management of 
subjects having upper trapezius latent MTrPs with superiority for IFC with carrier 
frequency 2 kHz.; تم تصميم هذه الدراسة لفحص تاثير الترددات الحاملة المختلفة للتيار التداخلى على نقاط الألم العضلى الليفى فى العضلة شبة المنحرفة العليا. الطريقة: ثمانية وستون شخص شاركوا فى هذا البحث (45 أنثى و 23 ذكر) لديهم نقاط ألم كامنة فى العضلة شبة المنحرفة العليا تم تقسيمهم بشكل عشوائى إلى أربع مجموعات متساوية
ER  -