Efficacy of natural compounds and nanoparticles in control of dermatophytes /
كفاءة المركبات الطبيعية و الجزيئات النانوية فى مقاومة الفطريات الجلدية
by Nahla Muhammed Mahmoud Ahmed Ghazy ; Supervisor Prof. Dr. Mohsen Abou El- Ela Sayed, Prof. Dr. Assma Ali Hamouda.
- 59 pages : illustrations ; 25 cm. + CD.
Thesis (M.Sc)-Cairo University, 2025.
Bibliography: pages 51-59.
Dermatophyte infections globally account for twenty to twenty-five percent of fungal infections. Dermatophytes have begun exhibiting antifungal drug resistance, making it challenging to treat this particular infection. For this reason, researchers are looking for alternative treatments. Essential oils could be used as alternative solutions as they have been used for a long period to treat different infections. Nanoparticles are of tremendous interest in various applications including antifungal agents. With their inveterate antifungal action, many metallic nanoparticles have been utilized against human and plant pathogenic fungi. The research has demonstrated the antifungal efficacy of cinnamon, clove, lemongrass, tea tree, thyme, and garlic essential oils, and the impact of their combinations was assayed against Microsporum canis, Trichophyton tonsurans, T. violaceum, T. verrucosum and Epidermophyton floccosum. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) – Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) was used to identify the most prevalent M. canis. The accession number of M. canis was obtained as ON007275. All tested essential oils exhibited anti-dermatophytic action except garlic. A synergistic effect was attained by cinnamon + clove, cinnamon + lemongrass, clove + lemongrass, clove + tea tree, and thyme + tea tree combinations. Concerning antifungal activity, M. canis was the most susceptible dermatophytic species, except in the case of thyme T. violaceum, which was the most susceptible dermatophytic species. The maximum inhibition was recorded in the cases of cinnamon and cinnamon + lemon grass combination against M. canis. The least minimum inhibitory concentrations were attained by cinnamon and clove against M. canis, cinnamon + clove against M. cainis, and T. violaceum, and cinnamon + lemon grass against M. cainis, T. violaceum, T. verrucosum and E. floccosum. The least Minimum Fungicidal Concentration showed by cinnamon against M. canis, cinnamon + clove against M. canis, and T. violaceum, cinnamon + lemongrass against M. cains T. violaceum, T. verrucosum, and E. floccosum, clove + lemongrass against M. canis. The current research has tested the antifungal efficacy of eight novel synthesized metallic nanoparticle compounds: Ag0.49Cr2.51O4, Ag0.99Fe1.01O3, CoLa0.019Fe1.981O4, Co0.99Fe1.99O4, Ag0.99Cr1.01O2, Ca0.99Fe1.99O4, CoBi0.019Fe1.981O4, and Cu0.99Fe1.99O4 were synthesized by a flash auto-combustion reaction to evaluate synergistic potential of the Np's exhibited antifungal activity in combination with cinnamon, clove, lemongrass, tea tree and thyme essential oils extracted by Soxhlet method against M. canis, T. tonsurans, T. violaceum, T. verrucosum, and E. floccosum. Four nanoparticle compounds exhibited antifungal activity: silver chromite, silver iron oxide, cobalt lanthanum ferrite, and cobalt iron oxide against all tested dermatophytes. Maximum inhibition was recorded in the cases of Ag0.99Fe1.01O3, Ag0.99Fe1.01O3 + cinnamon against M. canis. Least minimum inhibitory concentrations were attained by Cinnamon against M. canis, Ag0.99Fe1.01O3 against M. canis, T. tonsurans, and T. violaceum, Ag0.99Fe1.01O3 + cinnamon against M. canis, T. violaceum and, T. verrucosum , Ag0.99Fe1.01O3 + clove, and Ag0.99Fe1.01O3 + lemongrass against M. canis. The study showed promising results regarding the synergistic antifungal efficacy of nanoparticle compounds combined with essential oils in the cases of Ag0.99Fe1.01O3 with cinnamon, Ag0.99Fe1.01O3 with clove and Ag0.99Fe1.01O3 with lemon grass against all tested dermatophytes وأظهرت الدراسة وجود نشاط معادٍ للفطريات الجلدية في خمسة زيوت طيارة إستُخرجت بطريقة Soxhelet وهي: القرفة , القرنفل, حشيشة الليمون, شجرة الشاى, الزعتر ضد Microsporum canis, Trichophyton tonsurans, T. violaceum, T. verrucosum, and Epidermophyton floccosum وقد يكون الأثر التآزري المضاد للفطريات الناجم عن تشاركات الزيوت الطيارة إستراتيجية واعدة للتغلب على القيود العلاجية للأدوية المضادة للفطريات وتحقق أثر تآزري من خلال القرفة مع القرنفل، والقرفة مع حشيشة الليمون، والقرنفل مع حشيشة الليمون ، والقرنفل مع شجرة الشاي، والزعترمع شجرة الشاي. وقد أظهرت الدراسة وجود نشاط مضاد للفطريات الجلدية لأربعة مركابات نانوية جديدة مصنعة و هى: Ag0.49Cr2.51O4, Ag0.99Fe1.01O3, CoLa0.019Fe1.981O4, and Co0.99Fe1.99O4 ضد Microsporum canis, Trichophyton tonsurans, T. violaceum, T. verrucosum, and Epidermophyton floccosum , والنتائج الواعدة فيما يتعلق بالفعالية التآزرية المضادة للفطريات للزيوت الطيارة بالإتحاد مع المركبات النانوية في حالات :القرفة مع Ag0.99Fe1.01O3, القرنفل مع Ag0.99Fe1.01O3 , حشيشة الليمون مع Ag0.99Fe1.01O3 ضد Microsporum canis, Trichophyton tonsurans, T. violaceum, T. verrucosum, and Epidermophyton floccosum