Biochar production from date palm wastes to remove ammonia from poultry farms and increase fertility of sandy soil /
إنتاج الفحم الحيوي من مخلفات نخيل البلح لازالة الأمونيا من مزارع الدواجن وزيادة خصوبة التربة الرملية
by Shymaa Saad Sayed Ibrahim ; Supervisors Dr. Mohamed Hashem Hatem, Dr. Hasan Ragab Sayed, Dr. Mohamed Mostafa El-Kholy, Dr. Ahmed El-Raie Emam Suliman.
- 169 pages : illustrations ; 25 cm. + CD.
Thesis (Ph.D)-Cairo University, 2025.
Bibliography: pages 145 -168.
This study aims to produce biochar from date palm waste biomass with added catalyst (zeolite and bentonite) using a reactor via slow pyrolysis at 500°C for 1 h and evaluate the resulting biochar suitability for ammonium (NH4+) adsorption. Physicochemical characterization of biomass, biochar, and catalyst was studied. The results show high pH (8.65), carbon (41.03%), nitrogen (2.57%), hydrogen (5.77%), bulk density (0.286 g/cm3), and CEC (23.40 meq/100 g) for biochar without catalyst compared with biomass. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis showed that the biochar without catalyst has a rough surface and pores of varying sizes, resulting in a relatively high specific surface area (39.52 m2/g), a critical feature for sorbent materials, and the interior of the biochar had evident, homogenous pores that formed cylinder-shaped structures. The findings of Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR) analysis conclude that biochar shows oxygen-functional groups (i.e., ‒OH and C-O-C). Biochars produced from all treatments were tested for ammonium removal at different concentrations, ranging (10 to 200 ppm). The results showed that all biochars possess high sorption affinity for ammonium, achieving an adsorption capacity of ~14 mg/g, which could potentially be used for ammonia removal. The isotherms and kinetic adsorption models were applied to investigate the adsorption mechanism. The sorption isotherms were simulated by the Freundlich and Langmuir models. Both models reasonably well describe the isotherm data for NH4+ removal from solutions (R2=0.994 and 0.911, respectively), and the Freundlich model more closely matches the experimental data. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that the Pseudo-second-order model is appropriate for describing adsorption kinetics (R2=0.94). The results show that the biochar had a clear effect on the adsorption of ammonia gas emitted from chicken's percentage reduces 14.53%. While reducing the harm resulting from its accumulation, reducing gaseous pressure on poultry, preserving their vitality, and reducing the breeding poultry period, increasing the feed conversion ratio and the growth rate of poultry, the percentage increasing by 14.53%. And achieve high profits, with a gain of 4400 LE/period in exchange for the costs of adding biochar filters (99.66 LE). The results show that the added BCF saturated with ammonia for sandy soil greatly affected the improved properties of the sandy soil, the biochar is rich in a high ratio of macronutrients that plants need in high quantities and finding a positive relationship between soil water holding capacity (WHC) and retaining nutrients in the soil, and crop growth and yield. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى إنتاج الفحم الحيوي المشتق من الكتلة الحيوية لمخلفات النخيل مع إضافة المحفزات (زيوليت - بنتونيت) من خلال تصنيع مفاعل الفحم الحيوي عبرالانحلال الحراري البطيء عند درجة حرارة º500م لمدة ساعة مع الإمداد المستمر لغاز النيتروجين وتقييم مدى ملاءمة الفحم الحيوي الناتج لادمصاص الأمونيا المنبعث من الدواجن وتقليل الضررالناتج عن تراكم الأمونيا داخل العنبروتقليل فترة تربية الدواجن وزيادة معدل التحويل الغذائي للأعلاف وبالتالي زيادة الإنتاجية والعائد الاقتصادي. كما تم دراسة تاثير الفحم الحيوي على التربة الرملية حيث أثر بشكل كبير في تحسين خصائصها، حيث أنه غني بالعناصر الغذائية الكبرى التي تحتاجها النباتات بكميات عالية. مع إيجاد علاقة إيجابية بين قدرة التربة المعدلة على الاحتفاظ بالمياه والاحتفاظ بالعناصر الغذائية في التربة وزيادة إنتاجية المحاصيل