Ahmed Ragab Saber Elsayed,  <br/><br/>
Effect of complementary feeding on energy utilization in camels / 
 تأثير التغذية التكميلية على الاستفاده من الطاقه فى الابل 
by Ahmed Ragab Saber Elsayed ; Supervisors Dr. Sabbah Mahmoud Allam, Dr. Ahmed Ragab Asker, Dr. Mohammed Hassan Mohammed Bakr.   
 - 55 pages :   illustrations ;  25 cm. +   CD. 
<br/><br/>Thesis (M.Sc)-Cairo University, 2025. 
<br/><br/>Bibliography: pages 43-55.  
<br/><br/> Considering climate change, camels, as drought-resistant animal species, <br/>have become a crucial component of the pastoralists' economy, ecology, and <br/>culture. They exhibit an extraordinary capacity to adapt to harsh environments. <br/>Most camels rely on grazing on natural rangelands to meet their daily nutritional <br/>requirements. Climate and watering intervals influence the foraging behavior of <br/>camels, as well as forage quality and availability. This experiment was <br/>conducted to investigate the effects of adding a concentrate feed mixture (CFM) <br/>on camel performance, forage consumption and digestibility, and energy usage <br/>in arid-area rangelands during the dry season. Eighteen dry and non-<br/>productive she-camels aged 8–10 years and weighing an average body <br/>weight (BW) of 438 ± 5.7 kg, were used to investigate the effects of CFM <br/>addition on camel performance and forage utilization in arid-area <br/>rangelands throughout the drought season. The camels were distributed <br/>into three treatments, each with six, and the CFM was individually given <br/>in separated feeders before grazing at 0% (control), 50% (low), and 100% <br/>(high) of the metabolizable energy requirements used for maintenance.. <br/>The herd grazed daily from 08:00 to 18:00 in an area dominated by Ababasis <br/>articulate, low-quality forage containing more than 70% neutral detergent fiber. <br/>Adding a high level alleviated animal deterioration by reducing weight loss from <br/>−1049 to −192 g/day and significantly increasing dry and organic matter <br/>digestibility. A substantial drop in forage consumption, accompanied by a <br/>significant adverse effect on fiber digestibility (P<0.01), was observed with <br/>addition. The Global Positioning System results revealed that the high addition <br/>considerably reduced (P<0.01) the distance traveled from 25 to 13 km, leading <br/>to lower (P<0.01) walking and grazing activity and higher (P<0.01) standing <br/>and resting time. The results were consistent with energy expenditure data, <br/>reflected in a more incredible retained energy for high vs. low or control levels <br/>of the concentrate.   في ضوء تغير المناخ، أصبحت الإبل، باعتبارها أنواعًا حيوانية مقاومة للجفاف،. بحثت هذه التجربة في آثار إضافة مخلوط علف مركز على أداء الإبل، واستهلاك العلف الاحضر  والهضم، واستخدام الطاقة في المراعي في المناطق القاحلة خلال موسم الجفاف.تم استخدام ثمانية عشر ،كانت تدار المكملات المركزه بشكل منفصل بنسبة 0٪ (كنترول) بدون اضافه مخلوط علف مركز،  (منخفض) 50%من الطاقه الممثله اللازمه لحفظ الحياه ، و 100٪ (عالية) من الطاقه الممثله اللازمه لحفظ الحياه . أدت إضافة مستوى من المكملات المركزه المرتفعه إلى تخفيف تدهور الحيوانات عن طريق تقليل فقدان الوزن من −1049 إلى −192 جم / يوم وزيادة هضم الماده الجافة والعضوية بشكل ملحوظ. ، مصحوبا بتأثير سلبي كبير على هضم الألياف (P <0.01)، مع إضافة المكملات المركزه.. وكانت النتائج متفقه مع بيانات استهلاك الطاقة. 
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<br/><br/><br/>Text in English and abstract in Arabic & English. 
<br/><br/><label>Subjects--Topical Terms: </label><br/>camels<br/>الجمال
<br/><br/><label>Subjects--Index Terms: </label>camels  arid-area rangeland  supplementation  forage utilization  distance traveled  energy expenditure 
<br/><br/><label>Dewey Class. No.: </label>636.295