TY  - BOOK
AU  - Ahmed Ragab Saber Elsayed, 
AU  - Sabbah Mahmoud Allam
AU  - Ahmed Ragab Asker
AU  - Mohammed Hassan Mohammed Bakr
TI  - Effect of complementary feeding on energy utilization in camels
U1  - 636.295 
PY  - 2025///
KW  - camels
KW  - الجمال
KW  - arid-area rangeland
KW  - supplementation
KW  - forage utilization
KW  - distance traveled
KW  - energy expenditure
N1  - Thesis (M.Sc)-Cairo University, 2025; Bibliography: pages 43-55.; Issues also as CD
N2  - Considering climate change, camels, as drought-resistant animal species, 
have become a crucial component of the pastoralists' economy, ecology, and 
culture. They exhibit an extraordinary capacity to adapt to harsh environments. 
Most camels rely on grazing on natural rangelands to meet their daily nutritional 
requirements. Climate and watering intervals influence the foraging behavior of 
camels, as well as forage quality and availability. This experiment was 
conducted to investigate the effects of adding a concentrate feed mixture (CFM) 
on camel performance, forage consumption and digestibility, and energy usage 
in arid-area rangelands during the dry season. Eighteen dry and non-
productive she-camels aged 8–10 years and weighing an average body 
weight (BW) of 438 ± 5.7 kg, were used to investigate the effects of CFM 
addition on camel performance and forage utilization in arid-area 
rangelands throughout the drought season. The camels were distributed 
into three treatments, each with six, and the CFM was individually given 
in separated feeders before grazing at 0% (control), 50% (low), and 100% 
(high) of the metabolizable energy requirements used for maintenance.. 
The herd grazed daily from 08:00 to 18:00 in an area dominated by Ababasis 
articulate, low-quality forage containing more than 70% neutral detergent fiber. 
Adding a high level alleviated animal deterioration by reducing weight loss from 
−1049 to −192 g/day and significantly increasing dry and organic matter 
digestibility. A substantial drop in forage consumption, accompanied by a 
significant adverse effect on fiber digestibility (P<0.01), was observed with 
addition. The Global Positioning System results revealed that the high addition 
considerably reduced (P<0.01) the distance traveled from 25 to 13 km, leading 
to lower (P<0.01) walking and grazing activity and higher (P<0.01) standing 
and resting time. The results were consistent with energy expenditure data, 
reflected in a more incredible retained energy for high vs. low or control levels 
of the concentrate.; في ضوء تغير المناخ، أصبحت الإبل، باعتبارها أنواعًا حيوانية مقاومة للجفاف،. بحثت هذه التجربة في آثار إضافة مخلوط علف مركز على أداء الإبل، واستهلاك العلف الاحضر  والهضم، واستخدام الطاقة في المراعي في المناطق القاحلة خلال موسم الجفاف.تم استخدام ثمانية عشر ،كانت تدار المكملات المركزه بشكل منفصل بنسبة 0٪ (كنترول) بدون اضافه مخلوط علف مركز،  (منخفض) 50%من الطاقه الممثله اللازمه لحفظ الحياه ، و 100٪ (عالية) من الطاقه الممثله اللازمه لحفظ الحياه . أدت إضافة مستوى من المكملات المركزه المرتفعه إلى تخفيف تدهور الحيوانات عن طريق تقليل فقدان الوزن من −1049 إلى −192 جم / يوم وزيادة هضم الماده الجافة والعضوية بشكل ملحوظ. ، مصحوبا بتأثير سلبي كبير على هضم الألياف (P <0.01)، مع إضافة المكملات المركزه.. وكانت النتائج متفقه مع بيانات استهلاك الطاقة
ER  -