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  <controlfield tag="008">260406s2025    ua a|||frm||| 000 0 eng d</controlfield>
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    <subfield code="b">eng</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">eng</subfield>
    <subfield code="b">eng</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">M.Sc</subfield>
  </datafield>
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    <subfield code="a">Cai01.07.02.M.Sc.2025.He.P</subfield>
  </datafield>
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    <subfield code="a">Heba Mohamed Moustfa Ali,</subfield>
    <subfield code="e">preparation.</subfield>
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  <datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0">
    <subfield code="a">Production and evaluation of dry bio &#x2013;fuels from rice straw and cotton stalk by torrefaction process /</subfield>
    <subfield code="c">by Heba Mohamed Moustfa Ali ; Supervisors Dr. Yossry Bayoumy Abdelhay, Dr. Badr Ali Mohamed. </subfield>
  </datafield>
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    <subfield code="c">2025.</subfield>
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  <datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">94 pages : </subfield>
    <subfield code="b">illustrations ; </subfield>
    <subfield code="c">25 cm. + </subfield>
    <subfield code="e">CD.</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">text</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Unmediated</subfield>
    <subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">volume</subfield>
    <subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield>
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  <datafield tag="502" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Thesis (M.Sc)-Cairo University, 2025.</subfield>
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  <datafield tag="504" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Bibliography: pages 78-94.</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2="3">
    <subfield code="a">This research aims to estimate and calculate some thermal properties of 
Torrefied product from torrefaction process of rice straw and cotton stalk under 
different torrefaction temperatures (200, 250, 300 &#x2103;), size (1.5 , 3 cm) and holding 
time (15, 30, 45 minutes). The calorific value for torrefied product was estimated and 
the mass yield, energy yield and energy density were calculated for rice straw and 
cotton stalk. Also some morphological, physical and mechanical measurement were 
estimated for torrefied rice straw and cotton stalk. The results showed that the calorific 
value is affected by the torrefaction temperature, size and holding time. The highest 
calorific value for rice straw was 18.7 MJ / kg and for cotton stalk was 20.1 MJ/kg, at 
torrefaction temperature of 250 &#x2103;, size 1.5 cm, and holding time 30 min. The results 
also showed that the mass yield and energy yield decrease with increasing torrefaction 
temperature, size and holding time, the highest value of mass yield and energy yield 
for rice straw were 70.1% and 72.84%, respectively, at torrefaction temperature 200 
&#x2103; and size 1.5 cm and holding time 15 minutes. The lowest value of mass yield and 
energy yield for rice straw was 38% and 44.64%, respectively, at temperature 300 &#x2103;, 
size 3 cm, and holding time 45 minutes. The highest value of mass yield and energy 
yield for cotton stalk was 74.5% and 76.44%, respectively, at torrefaction temperature 
200 &#x2103;, size1.5 cm, and a holding time of 15 minutes. The lowest value of mass yield 
and energy yield for cotton stalk were 40.25% and 45.5%, respectively, at torrefaction 
temperature 300 &#x2103;, size of 3 cm, and holding time of 45 minutes. Also, the result 
indicated that the energy density for rice straw and cotton stalk was affected by the 
torrefaction temperature, size and holding time, the highest value of energy density 
for rice straw and cotton stalk were 1.24 and 1.17 respectively at torrefaction 
temperature of 250 &#x2103;, size 1.5 cm, and holding time 30 min. The lowest value of 
energy density for rice straw and cotton stalk were 1.019 and 1.014.Maximum tensile 
stress, maximum compression stress, maximum bending stress for torrefied pellets of 
rice straw was 0.82979, 2.29225 and 2.14295 N/mm2. Maximum tensile stress, 
maximum compression stress, maximum bending stress for torrefied pellets of cotton 
stalk was 0.19278, 1.18872 and 0.87646 N/mm2. The average cost of producing 
Torrefied pellets from rice straw and cotton stalk was estimated and found to be 11.5-
37% lower than local market prices.  </subfield>
  </datafield>
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&#x645;&#x646; &#x627;&#x644;&#x643;&#x62A;&#x644;&#x629; &#x627;&#x644;&#x62D;&#x64A;&#x648;&#x64A;&#x629; &#x644;&#x642;&#x634; &#x627;&#x644;&#x623;&#x631;&#x632; &#x648;&#x62D;&#x637;&#x628; &#x627;&#x644;&#x642;&#x637;&#x646; &#x62B;&#x645; &#x627;&#x644;&#x637;&#x62D;&#x646; &#x648;&#x627;&#x644;&#x62A;&#x635;&#x628;&#x64A;&#x639; &#x641;&#x64A; &#x635;&#x648;&#x631;&#x629; &#x648;&#x642;&#x648;&#x62F; &#x635;&#x644;&#x628; &#x62B;&#x645; &#x625;&#x62C;&#x631;&#x627;&#x621; &#x628;&#x639;&#x636; &#x627;&#x644;&#x642;&#x64A;&#x627;&#x633;&#x627;&#x62A; &#x627;&#x644;&#x645;&#x648;&#x631;&#x648;&#x641;&#x648;&#x644;&#x648;&#x62C;&#x64A;&#x629; &#x628;&#x627;&#x644;&#x641;&#x62D;&#x635; &#x627;&#x644;&#x645;&#x62C;&#x647;&#x631;&#x64A; &#x648;&#x627;&#x644;&#x62E;&#x648;&#x627;&#x635; &#x627;&#x644;&#x641;&#x64A;&#x632;&#x64A;&#x627;&#x626;&#x64A;&#x629; &#x648;&#x627;&#x644;&#x645;&#x64A;&#x643;&#x627;&#x646;&#x64A;&#x643;&#x64A;&#x629; &#x644;&#x623;&#x641;&#x636;&#x644; &#x639;&#x64A;&#x646;&#x627;&#x62A; &#x642;&#x634; &#x627;&#x644;&#x623;&#x631;&#x632; &#x648;&#x62D;&#x637;&#x628; &#x627;&#x644;&#x642;&#x637;&#x646;.&#x648;&#x642;&#x62F; &#x623;&#x638;&#x647;&#x631;&#x62A; &#x627;&#x644;&#x646;&#x62A;&#x627;&#x626;&#x62C; &#x623;&#x646; &#x623;&#x641;&#x636;&#x644; &#x645;&#x639;&#x627;&#x645;&#x644;&#x629; &#x62D;&#x631;&#x627;&#x631;&#x64A;&#x629; &#x644;&#x642;&#x634; &#x627;&#x644;&#x623;&#x631;&#x632; &#x648;&#x62D;&#x637;&#x628; &#x627;&#x644;&#x642;&#x637;&#x646; &#x643;&#x627;&#x646;&#x62A; &#x639;&#x646;&#x62F; &#x62F;&#x631;&#x62C;&#x629; &#x62D;&#x631;&#x627;&#x631;&#x629; &#x627;&#x646;&#x62D;&#x644;&#x627;&#x644; &#x62D;&#x631;&#x627;&#x631;&#x649; &#x648;&#x633;&#x637;&#x649; 250 &#x645; &#x648;&#x632;&#x645;&#x646; &#x627;&#x633;&#x62A;&#x628;&#x642;&#x627;&#x621; 30 &#x62F;&#x642;&#x64A;&#x642;&#x629; &#x648;&#x637;&#x648;&#x644; &#x642;&#x637;&#x639; 1.5 &#x633;&#x645; &#x648;&#x639;&#x646;&#x62F;&#x647;&#x627; &#x62A;&#x645; &#x62A;&#x62D;&#x642;&#x64A;&#x642; &#x642;&#x64A;&#x645;&#x629; &#x62D;&#x631;&#x627;&#x631;&#x64A;&#x629; &#x648;&#x646;&#x633;&#x628;&#x629; &#x639;&#x627;&#x626;&#x62F; &#x643;&#x62A;&#x644;&#x629; &#x648;&#x639;&#x627;&#x626;&#x62F; &#x637;&#x627;&#x642;&#x629; &#x648;&#x643;&#x62B;&#x627;&#x641;&#x629; &#x644;&#x644;&#x637;&#x627;&#x642;&#x629; &#x644;&#x642;&#x634; &#x627;&#x644;&#x623;&#x631;&#x632; &#x647;&#x64A; 18.7 &#x645;&#x64A;&#x62C;&#x627; &#x62C;&#x648;&#x644; /&#x643;&#x62C;&#x645; &#x60C; 70.1 % &#x60C; 72.84 % 1.24 &#x639;&#x644;&#x649; &#x627;&#x644;&#x62A;&#x648;&#x627;&#x644;&#x64A; . &#x628;&#x64A;&#x646;&#x645;&#x627; &#x643;&#x627;&#x646;&#x62A; &#x644;&#x62D;&#x637;&#x628; &#x627;&#x644;&#x642;&#x637;&#x646; 20.1 &#x645;&#x64A;&#x62C;&#x627; &#x62C;&#x648;&#x644; /&#x643;&#x62C;&#x645; &#x60C; 74.5 % &#x60C; 76.4 % 1.17 &#x639;&#x644;&#x649; &#x627;&#x644;&#x62A;&#x648;&#x627;&#x644;&#x64A;. &#x648;&#x643;&#x627;&#x646; &#x645;&#x62A;&#x648;&#x633;&#x637; &#x627;&#x62C;&#x647;&#x627;&#x62F; &#x627;&#x644;&#x634;&#x62F; &#x648;&#x645;&#x62A;&#x648;&#x633;&#x637; &#x627;&#x62C;&#x647;&#x627;&#x62F; &#x627;&#x644;&#x636;&#x63A;&#x637; &#x648;&#x645;&#x62A;&#x648;&#x633;&#x637; &#x627;&#x62C;&#x647;&#x627;&#x62F; &#x627;&#x644;&#x62B;&#x646;&#x649; &#x644;&#x642;&#x634; &#x627;&#x644;&#x623;&#x631;&#x632; 0.82979 &#x648; 2.29225 &#x648; 2.14295 &#x646;&#x64A;&#x648;&#x62A;&#x646;/&#x645;&#x645;2 &#x639;&#x644;&#x649; &#x627;&#x644;&#x62A;&#x648;&#x627;&#x644;&#x64A;&#x60C;&#x60C; &#x648;&#x643;&#x627;&#x646; &#x645;&#x62A;&#x648;&#x633;&#x637; &#x627;&#x62C;&#x647;&#x627;&#x62F; &#x627;&#x644;&#x634;&#x62F; &#x648;&#x645;&#x62A;&#x648;&#x633;&#x637; &#x627;&#x62C;&#x647;&#x627;&#x62F; &#x627;&#x644;&#x636;&#x63A;&#x637; &#x648;&#x645;&#x62A;&#x648;&#x633;&#x637; &#x627;&#x62C;&#x647;&#x627;&#x62F; &#x627;&#x644;&#x62B;&#x646;&#x649; &#x644;&#x62D;&#x637;&#x628; &#x627;&#x644;&#x642;&#x637;&#x646; 0.19278 &#x648; 1.18872 &#x648; 0.87646 &#x646;&#x64A;&#x648;&#x62A;&#x646;/&#x645;&#x645;2 &#x639;&#x644;&#x649; &#x627;&#x644;&#x62A;&#x648;&#x627;&#x644;&#x649;. &#x648;&#x643;&#x627;&#x646;&#x62A; &#x62A;&#x643;&#x644;&#x641;&#x629; &#x627;&#x646;&#x62A;&#x627;&#x62C; &#x645;&#x635;&#x628;&#x639;&#x627;&#x62A; &#x627;&#x644;&#x641;&#x62D;&#x645; &#x627;&#x644;&#x635;&#x644;&#x628; &#x644;&#x643;&#x644;&#x627; &#x645;&#x646; &#x642;&#x634; &#x627;&#x644;&#x623;&#x631;&#x632; &#x648;&#x62D;&#x637;&#x628; &#x627;&#x644;&#x642;&#x637;&#x646; &#x62A;&#x642;&#x644; &#x639;&#x646; &#x627;&#x644;&#x633;&#x648;&#x642; &#x627;&#x644;&#x645;&#x62D;&#x644;&#x649; &#x628;&#x645;&#x642;&#x62F;&#x627;&#x631; 11.5- 37%.   </subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Issues also as CD.</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Text in English and abstract in Arabic &amp; English.</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Agricultural Engineering</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">&#x627;&#x644;&#x647;&#x646;&#x62F;&#x633;&#x629; &#x627;&#x644;&#x632;&#x631;&#x627;&#x639;&#x64A;&#x629;</subfield>
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  <datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="1">
    <subfield code="a">Torrefaction</subfield>
    <subfield code="a">Calorific value</subfield>
    <subfield code="a">Energy yield,</subfield>
    <subfield code="a">mass yield</subfield>
    <subfield code="a">energy density</subfield>
    <subfield code="a">rice straw</subfield>
    <subfield code="a">Cotton stalk</subfield>
    <subfield code="a">morphological and mechanical properties</subfield>
    <subfield code="a">&#x627;&#x644;&#x627;&#x646;&#x62D;&#x644;&#x627;&#x644; &#x627;&#x644;&#x62D;&#x631;&#x627;&#x631;&#x64A; &#x627;&#x644;&#x648;&#x633;&#x637;&#x649;</subfield>
    <subfield code="a">&#x627;&#x644;&#x642;&#x64A;&#x645;&#x629; &#x627;&#x644;&#x62D;&#x631;&#x627;&#x631;&#x64A;&#x629;</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Yossry Bayoumy Abdelhay</subfield>
    <subfield code="e">thesis advisor.</subfield>
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  <datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Badr Ali Mohamed</subfield>
    <subfield code="e">thesis advisor.</subfield>
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    <subfield code="b">01-01-2025</subfield>
    <subfield code="c">Yossry Bayoumy Abdelhay</subfield>
    <subfield code="c">Badr Ali Mohamed</subfield>
    <subfield code="U">Cairo University</subfield>
    <subfield code="F">Faculty of Agriculture</subfield>
    <subfield code="D">Department of Agricultural Engineering</subfield>
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    <subfield code="e">Eman Ghareb</subfield>
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