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  <controlfield tag="005">20260427130529.0</controlfield>
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    <subfield code="a">M.Sc</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Cai01.19.02.M.Sc.2025.As.I</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Asmaa Taha Hamed Mohamed Khamis,</subfield>
    <subfield code="e">preparation.</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">In vitro evaluation of the efficacy of manuka honey as anticancer  and antiviral complementary agent /</subfield>
    <subfield code="c">by Asmaa Taha Hamed Mohamed Khamis ; Supervision Prof. Dr. Samah Aly Loutfy, Prof. Dr. Gang Bao, Dr. Mai Mohamed El-Sayed Lotfy. </subfield>
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    <subfield code="c">2025.</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">91pages :</subfield>
    <subfield code="b">illustrations ;</subfield>
    <subfield code="c">25 cm. + </subfield>
    <subfield code="e">CD.</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Unmediated</subfield>
    <subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Thesis (M.Sc)-Cairo University, 2025.</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Bibliography: pages 73-90.</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Background and aim: Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women 
worldwide and is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortalities. While multiple treatment 
options exist, a major challenge remains in achieving effective cancer control while minimizing 
adverse effects. Doxorubicin (Dox) is a widely used and highly effective chemotherapy agent for 
BC, but its clinical use is limited by significant toxicities, particularly cardiotoxicity, which can lead 
to irreversible heart damage and other serious complications. Efforts are still going on to reduce 
these toxicities. Given these limitations, there is growing interest in natural compounds with anti-
cancer potential, such as Manuka Honey (MH). MH is valued for its antiproliferative, immune-
modulating properties, and apoptosis-inducing properties, alongside its antibacterial and antiviral 
activities. The integration of MH into breast cancer therapy as a complementary agent could offer a 
safer, more natural adjunct to conventional treatments. This study aimed to explore how MH can 
contribute to a holistic approach in managing cancer and related complications, such as viral 
infections, by leveraging its antimicrobial and potentially anti-cancer properties. 
Material and Methods: An in-silico analysis was performed to predict the anti-cancer efficacy of 
combining Dox with MH by assessing how effectively they interact with key proteins involved in 
cell death pathways. Additionally, a computational assessment of their pharmacokinetics was 
performed by analyzing Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicology 
(ADMET) properties. In-vitro experiments involved several approaches: 1) The MTT assay was 
used to assess the cytotoxicity of drugs on Vero cells as a normal model and MCF-7 in vitro model; 
2) The Wound healing assay was used to study cellular migration; 3) The expression levels of 
apoptotic genes ( BAX, Bcl-2, P35, and Caspase-3 proteins).  
 were also assessed using Quantitative real-time PCR; 4) The DNA content of MCF-7 cells (both 
control and those treated with compounds) was evaluated at various stages of the cell cycle. Lastly, 
an antiviral assay was conducted to test virucidal and viral adsorption mechanisms against human 
Adenovirus type 5 (ADV-5) on Vero cells using real-time PCR. 
Results: Docking studies revealed that the novel combination of Dox and methylglyoxal interacts 
with its target protein like Dox, suggesting comparable binding affinity and a potential for a similar 
mechanism of action. The pharmacokinetics of the two compounds were relatively comparable, 
suggesting that they may share a common mechanism. The combined treatment demonstrated a 
dose-dependent proliferative inhibitory effect on the tested cells compared to solo treatments, 
consistent with doxorubicin&#x2019;s chemotherapy effect. The CC50 values for MCF-7 BC cells were 
determined as follows: 39.5 &#xB5;g/ml for MH, 7.5 &#xB5;g/ml for Dox, and significantly lower values when 
combining both compounds, 9 &#xB5;g/ml at a 1:1 MH: Dox ratio and 11.5 &#xB5;g/ml at a 2:1 ratio. Also, 
they exhibited morphological changes after 24 hrs of treatment, which is indicative of apoptosis. 
The CC50 of MH on Vero cells was found to be greater than 200 &#xB5;g/ ml. In contrast, Dox showed 
a CC50 of 10.8 &#xB5;g/ml on normal cells. The combination treatment demonstrated improved safety 
profiles: the 1:1 MH: Dox ratio had a CC50 of 71.16 &#xB5;g/ml, and the 2:1 ratio had a CC50 of 121.50 
&#xB5;g/ml. The results of the cell migration assay demonstrated that the percentage of gap closure in 
cells treated with the combined treatment was relative to that of cells treated with Dox alone after 
24hours and 48 hours, which suggests effective inhibition of cell migration. Cell cycle analysis 
revealed that cells treated with the combination treatment and Dox alone exhibited increased DNA 
content in the G0 phase among MCF-7 cells. In contrast, cells treated with MH alone caused a 
significant reduction in S-phase DNA content but led to substantial G1-phase arrest. In the G2-M 
phase, the MCF-7 cells treated with MH and the combined treatment exhibited the greatest 
decrease in DNA content compared to those treated with Dox only. Further evidence of the 
synergistic effect between MH and Dox on apoptosis was observed, as both MH alone and 
combination treatments induced apoptosis accompanied by significant upregulation of pro-
apoptotic proteins: Bax, P53, and caspase-3. Concurrently, there was a notable downregulation of 
the anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2. Ultimately, MH demonstrated potent antiviral inhibitory effects 
against Adenovirus type-5 (ADV-5) by employing mechanisms that prevent viral replication 
within cells, including virucidal effects and viral adsorption inhibition. 
Conclusion: the combination of Manuka Honey and doxorubicin represents a promising 
therapeutic strategy that synergistically enhances anticancer efficacy by inducing apoptosis and 
cell cycle arrest, while significantly reducing the inherent toxicity of doxorubicin to normal cells. 
Furthermore, the adjunctive antiviral activity of methylglyoxal against ADV-5 offers a potential 
added benefit for managing cancer-related complications. These findings advocate for the 
integration of natural compounds like methylglyoxal into conventional chemotherapy to improve 
selectivity and outcomes, warranting further clinical investigation. </subfield>
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&#x62A;&#x645; &#x62A;&#x62D;&#x644;&#x64A;&#x644; &#x62A;&#x637;&#x648;&#x631; &#x62F;&#x648;&#x631;&#x629; &#x627;&#x644;&#x62E;&#x644;&#x64A;&#x629; &#x641;&#x64A; &#x62E;&#x644;&#x627;&#x64A;&#x627; MCF-7 &#x628;&#x639;&#x62F; &#x627;&#x644;&#x645;&#x639;&#x627;&#x644;&#x62C;&#x629; &#x628;&#x627;&#x644;&#x62F;&#x648;&#x643;&#x633; &#x623;&#x648; &#x639;&#x633;&#x644; &#x645;&#x627;&#x646;&#x648;&#x643;&#x627; &#x623;&#x648; &#x643;&#x644;&#x64A;&#x647;&#x645;&#x627;. &#x623;&#x638;&#x647;&#x631;&#x62A; &#x627;&#x644;&#x646;&#x62A;&#x627;&#x626;&#x62C; &#x623;&#x646; &#x62C;&#x645;&#x64A;&#x639; &#x627;&#x644;&#x639;&#x644;&#x627;&#x642;&#x627;&#x62A; &#x627;&#x644;&#x62B;&#x644;&#x627;&#x62B;&#x629; &#x62A;&#x633;&#x628;&#x628;&#x62A; &#x641;&#x64A; &#x62A;&#x648;&#x642;&#x641; &#x646;&#x645;&#x648; &#x627;&#x644;&#x62E;&#x644;&#x627;&#x64A;&#x627; &#x648;&#x623;&#x648;&#x642;&#x641;&#x62A; &#x62A;&#x642;&#x62F;&#x645; &#x62F;&#x648;&#x631;&#x629; &#x627;&#x644;&#x62E;&#x644;&#x64A;&#x629; &#x628;&#x634;&#x643;&#x644; &#x641;&#x639;&#x627;&#x644; &#x641;&#x64A; &#x637;&#x648;&#x631; G1&#x60C; &#x645;&#x645;&#x627; &#x64A;&#x645;&#x646;&#x639; &#x62A;&#x643;&#x627;&#x62B;&#x631;&#x647;.
&#x623;&#x62F;&#x62A; &#x627;&#x644;&#x645;&#x639;&#x627;&#x644;&#x62C;&#x629; &#x628;&#x639;&#x633;&#x644; &#x645;&#x627;&#x646;&#x648;&#x643;&#x627; &#x648;&#x627;&#x644;&#x639;&#x644;&#x627;&#x62C; &#x627;&#x644;&#x645;&#x634;&#x62A;&#x631;&#x643; &#x625;&#x644;&#x649; &#x632;&#x64A;&#x627;&#x62F;&#x629; &#x639;&#x62F;&#x62F; &#x627;&#x644;&#x62E;&#x644;&#x627;&#x64A;&#x627; &#x641;&#x64A; &#x637;&#x648;&#x631; G1&#x60C; &#x645;&#x639; &#x627;&#x646;&#x62E;&#x641;&#x627;&#x636;&#x641;&#x64A; &#x623;&#x639;&#x62F;&#x627;&#x62F; &#x627;&#x644;&#x62E;&#x644;&#x627;&#x64A;&#x627; &#x641;&#x64A; &#x627;&#x644;&#x623;&#x637;&#x648;&#x627;&#x631; S &#x648;G2/M &#x645;&#x642;&#x627;&#x631;&#x646;&#x629; &#x628;&#x627;&#x644;&#x645;&#x639;&#x627;&#x644;&#x62C;&#x629; &#x628;&#x627;&#x644;&#x62F;&#x648;&#x643;&#x633;&#x648;&#x62D;&#x62F;&#x647;&#x648;&#x647;&#x630;&#x627; &#x64A;&#x634;&#x64A;&#x631; &#x625;&#x644;&#x649; &#x623;&#x646; &#x639;&#x633;&#x644; &#x645;&#x627;&#x646;&#x648;&#x643;&#x627; &#x648;&#x627;&#x644;&#x62A;&#x631;&#x643;&#x64A;&#x628; &#x627;&#x644;&#x645;&#x634;&#x62A;&#x631;&#x643; &#x642;&#x62F; &#x64A;&#x643;&#x648;&#x646;&#x627;&#x646; &#x623;&#x643;&#x62B;&#x631; &#x641;&#x639;&#x627;&#x644;&#x64A;&#x629; &#x641;&#x64A; &#x62A;&#x62B;&#x628;&#x64A;&#x637; &#x62A;&#x62E;&#x644;&#x64A;&#x642; DNA &#x648;&#x645;&#x646;&#x639; &#x627;&#x644;&#x62E;&#x644;&#x627;&#x64A;&#x627; &#x645;&#x646; &#x627;&#x644;&#x62A;&#x642;&#x62F;&#x645; &#x646;&#x62D;&#x648; &#x627;&#x644;&#x627;&#x646;&#x642;&#x633;&#x627;&#x645; &#x627;&#x644;&#x62E;&#x644;&#x648;&#x64A;&#x60C; &#x645;&#x645;&#x627; &#x64A;&#x633;&#x647;&#x645; &#x628;&#x634;&#x643;&#x644; &#x645;&#x628;&#x627;&#x634;&#x631; &#x641;&#x64A; &#x625;&#x64A;&#x642;&#x627;&#x641; &#x62F;&#x648;&#x631;&#x629; &#x627;&#x644;&#x62E;&#x644;&#x64A;&#x629; &#x639;&#x646;&#x62F; &#x627;&#x644;&#x637;&#x648;&#x631;.G1.
&#x62A;&#x639;&#x62A;&#x628;&#x631; &#x646;&#x642;&#x637;&#x629; &#x62A;&#x641;&#x62A;&#x64A;&#x62D; &#x627;&#x644;&#x637;&#x648;&#x631; G1/S &#x644;&#x62D;&#x638;&#x629; &#x62D;&#x627;&#x633;&#x645;&#x629; &#x641;&#x64A; &#x645;&#x635;&#x64A;&#x631; &#x627;&#x644;&#x62E;&#x644;&#x64A;&#x629;&#x60C; &#x62D;&#x64A;&#x62B; &#x64A;&#x62A;&#x62D;&#x62F;&#x62F; &#x645;&#x627; &#x625;&#x630;&#x627; &#x643;&#x627;&#x646;&#x62A; &#x627;&#x644;&#x62E;&#x644;&#x64A;&#x629; &#x633;&#x62A;&#x62F;&#x62E;&#x644; &#x645;&#x631;&#x62D;&#x644;&#x629; &#x627;&#x644;&#x631;&#x627;&#x62D;&#x629; &#x623;&#x648; &#x62A;&#x633;&#x62A;&#x645;&#x631; &#x641;&#x64A; &#x627;&#x644;&#x62A;&#x643;&#x627;&#x62B;&#x631; &#x623;&#x648; &#x62A;&#x62A;&#x645;&#x627;&#x64A;&#x632; &#x623;&#x648; &#x62A;&#x62E;&#x636;&#x639; &#x644;&#x645;&#x648;&#x62A; &#x645;&#x628;&#x631;&#x645;&#x62C;. &#x64A;&#x624;&#x62B;&#x631; &#x639;&#x633;&#x644; &#x645;&#x627;&#x646;&#x648;&#x643;&#x627; &#x639;&#x644;&#x649; &#x62A;&#x646;&#x638;&#x64A;&#x645; &#x627;&#x644;&#x62C;&#x64A;&#x646; p53&#x60C; &#x645;&#x645;&#x627; &#x64A;&#x624;&#x62F;&#x64A; &#x625;&#x644;&#x649; &#x625;&#x64A;&#x642;&#x627;&#x641; &#x62F;&#x648;&#x631;&#x629; &#x627;&#x644;&#x62E;&#x644;&#x64A;&#x629;. &#x623;&#x638;&#x647;&#x631;&#x62A; &#x627;&#x644;&#x62E;&#x644;&#x627;&#x64A;&#x627; &#x627;&#x644;&#x645;&#x639;&#x627;&#x644;&#x62C;&#x629; &#x628;&#x627;&#x644;&#x639;&#x633;&#x644; &#x648;&#x62D;&#x62F;&#x647; &#x632;&#x64A;&#x627;&#x62F;&#x629; &#x641;&#x64A; &#x627;&#x644;&#x62A;&#x639;&#x628;&#x64A;&#x631; &#x627;&#x644;&#x62C;&#x64A;&#x646;&#x64A; &#x644;&#x640; p54 &#x645;&#x635;&#x62D;&#x648;&#x628;&#x627;&#x64B; &#x628;&#x62A;&#x648;&#x642;&#x641; &#x62F;&#x648;&#x631;&#x629; &#x627;&#x644;&#x62E;&#x644;&#x64A;&#x629; &#x641;&#x64A; &#x627;&#x644;&#x637;&#x648;&#x631; G1. &#x648;&#x633;&#x62C;&#x644; &#x627;&#x644;&#x639;&#x644;&#x627;&#x62C; &#x627;&#x644;&#x645;&#x634;&#x62A;&#x631;&#x643; &#x623;&#x639;&#x644;&#x649; &#x646;&#x633;&#x628;&#x629; &#x645;&#x62D;&#x62A;&#x648;&#x649; DNA &#x641;&#x64A; &#x627;&#x644;&#x637;&#x648;&#x631; G1.
&#x64A;&#x645;&#x643;&#x646; &#x623;&#x646; &#x62A;&#x633;&#x628;&#x628; &#x627;&#x644;&#x639;&#x62F;&#x648;&#x649; &#x627;&#x644;&#x641;&#x64A;&#x631;&#x648;&#x633;&#x64A;&#x629;&#x60C; &#x645;&#x62B;&#x644; &#x627;&#x644;&#x639;&#x62F;&#x648;&#x649; &#x628;&#x627;&#x644;&#x641;&#x64A;&#x631;&#x648;&#x633;&#x627;&#x62A; &#x627;&#x644;&#x63A;&#x62F;&#x64A;&#x629;&#x60C; &#x645;&#x636;&#x627;&#x639;&#x641;&#x627;&#x62A; &#x62E;&#x637;&#x64A;&#x631;&#x629; &#x644;&#x645;&#x631;&#x636;&#x649; &#x627;&#x644;&#x633;&#x631;&#x637;&#x627;&#x646; &#x630;&#x648;&#x64A; &#x627;&#x644;&#x645;&#x646;&#x627;&#x639;&#x629; &#x627;&#x644;&#x636;&#x639;&#x64A;&#x641;&#x629;. &#x648;&#x646;&#x638;&#x631;&#x627;&#x64B; &#x644;&#x623;&#x646; &#x627;&#x644;&#x639;&#x644;&#x627;&#x62C;&#x627;&#x62A; &#x627;&#x644;&#x62A;&#x642;&#x644;&#x64A;&#x62F;&#x64A;&#x629; &#x627;&#x644;&#x645;&#x636;&#x627;&#x62F;&#x629; &#x644;&#x644;&#x641;&#x64A;&#x631;&#x648;&#x633;&#x627;&#x62A; &#x62A;&#x631;&#x62A;&#x628;&#x637; &#x628;&#x645;&#x639;&#x62F;&#x644;&#x627;&#x62A; &#x648;&#x641;&#x64A;&#x627;&#x62A; &#x645;&#x631;&#x62A;&#x641;&#x639;&#x629;&#x60C; &#x641;&#x625;&#x646; &#x627;&#x644;&#x628;&#x62F;&#x627;&#x626;&#x644; &#x627;&#x644;&#x637;&#x628;&#x64A;&#x639;&#x64A;&#x629; &#x645;&#x62B;&#x644; &#x639;&#x633;&#x644; &#x645;&#x627;&#x646;&#x648;&#x643;&#x627; &#x62A;&#x634;&#x643;&#x644; &#x645;&#x62C;&#x627;&#x644;&#x627;&#x64B; &#x628;&#x62D;&#x62B;&#x64A;&#x627;&#x64B; &#x648;&#x627;&#x639;&#x62F;&#x627;&#x64B;. &#x641;&#x642;&#x62F; &#x623;&#x638;&#x647;&#x631; &#x627;&#x644;&#x639;&#x633;&#x644; &#x62E;&#x635;&#x627;&#x626;&#x635; &#x645;&#x636;&#x627;&#x62F;&#x629; &#x644;&#x644;&#x641;&#x64A;&#x631;&#x648;&#x633;&#x627;&#x62A; &#x648;&#x645;&#x639;&#x62F;&#x644;&#x629; &#x644;&#x644;&#x645;&#x646;&#x627;&#x639;&#x629;&#x60C; &#x645;&#x645;&#x627; &#x64A;&#x62C;&#x639;&#x644;&#x647;&#x62E;&#x650;&#x64A;&#x627;&#x631;&#x627;&#x64B;&#x648;&#x627;&#x639;&#x62F;&#x627;&#x64B; &#x641;&#x64A; &#x625;&#x62F;&#x627;&#x631;&#x629; &#x627;&#x644;&#x645;&#x636;&#x627;&#x639;&#x641;&#x627;&#x62A; &#x627;&#x644;&#x641;&#x64A;&#x631;&#x648;&#x633;&#x64A;&#x629; &#x644;&#x62F;&#x649; &#x645;&#x631;&#x636;&#x649; &#x627;&#x644;&#x633;&#x631;&#x637;&#x627;&#x646;.</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Issues also as CD.</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Doxorubicin</subfield>
    <subfield code="a">Breast Cancer</subfield>
    <subfield code="a">Viral infection</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Samah Aly Loutfy</subfield>
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    <subfield code="U">Cairo University</subfield>
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    <subfield code="D">Department of Cancer Biology (Virology and Immunology)</subfield>
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