TY  - BOOK
AU  - Noha Maher Ahmed Mohamed Elrewieny
AU  - Abla Abdelrahman Ali , 
AU  - Dina Aly Shokry , 
AU  - Mona Mohamed Ali , 
TI  - Pattern of tramadol toxicity in children : : A retrospective study of cases received at National Environmental and Clinical Toxicological Research Center (NECTR) during , 2014 / 
PY  - 2016///
CY  - Cairo : 
PB  - Noha Maher Ahmed Mohamed Elrewieny , 
KW  - Children
KW  - Drug abuse
KW  - Tramadol
N1  - Thesis (M.Sc.) - Cairo University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Forensic Medicine - Toxicology; Issued also as CD
N2  - BACKGROUND: Tramadol is a centrally acting synthetic opioid  analgesic agent that is widely used. METHODS: This is a retrospective cross  sectional study conducted for the pediatric age group (under 18 years old) admitted  to NECTR (National Environmental and Clinical Toxicological Research Center)  from January 2014 to December 2014 with a history of acute tramadol or other  drug of abuse toxicity either alone or combined toxicity of tramadol and one of  them. RESULTS: A total of 135 cases, the number of cases used tramadol only  were 57 cases, those used combined tramadol and other drugs were 13 cases.  Cannabis only intoxicated cases were 50 cases, Alcohol only intoxicated cases  were 13 cases and only 2 cases were admitted with benzodiazepine toxicity. The  majority of the cases were males and most of the cases came from Giza.the age  group (from 2 to 11 years) represented the majority of tramadol only intoxicated  cases (64.9%) while infant and toddler (28 days to 23 month) were the majority of  cannabis intoxicated cases but in combined toxicity cases, alcohol and  benzodiazepines intoxicated patients, the age group (12 to 18 years) represented  the majority of the cases. The majority of the cases ingested the drug accidently  except in benzodiazepine intoxicated cases whereas all the cases took it in suicidal  attempts. The most common administered dose of tramadol was 225mg. Coma and  dyspnea were frequent among the cases while seizures were rare. The majority of  the cases didn{u2019}t need mechanical ventilation and improved on discharge.  CONCLUSION: Acute tramadol toxicity in children is common and can cause  coma, dyspnea and less frequently seizures
UR  - http://172.23.153.220/th.pdf
ER  -