Thesis (Ph.D.) - Cairo University - Faculty of Pharmacy - Department of Pharmacognosy

The study presents the first metabolome profiling of Caryota mitis Lour. and Caryota urens L. (F. Arecaceae) in a comparative manner. HR-UPLC/PDA/ESI-MS analysis of their leaf and fruit various extracts resulted in identification of 142 metabolites including 104 first time reported in genus Caryota, 7 in family Arecaceae and a new phenolic acid. GC/MS analysis of their petroleum ether leaf extracts resulted in identification a total of 40 unsaponifiable compounds and 29 fatty acid methyl esters. The study reveals the potential role of both crude and successive leaf extracts in cancer chemoprevention via NQO1 enzyme induction traced using DCPIP assay where the crude leaf extract of C. mitis and C. urens induced the cytoprotective NQO1 enzyme by 4.5-5 folds the vehicle control. Phytochemical investigation of the active extracts: C. urens petroleum ether and C. mitis ethanolic leaf extracts led to isolation of 13 compounds identified by different spectroscopic techniques namely; T1: oleanolic acid, T2: ursolic acid, T3: 2,3-epoxy-14-hydroxy-5(6),20(22)-cholestadiene-4-methyl carboxylate, T4: Ü-tocopherol, T5: palmitic acid, T6: stearic acid, F1: quercetin-3-sulfate-4'-O-Ü-rhamnosyl (1{u2192}6) Ý-D-glucoside, F2: rutin, F3: kaempferol-3-sulfate-4'-O-Ü-rhamnosyl (1{u2192}6) Ý-D-glucoside, F4: schaftoside, F5: vicenin II, F6: quercetin and F7: kaempferol; among which compounds T3, F1 and F3 are new compounds while compounds T1, T4, F4 and F5 are reported for the first time in Caryota. All compounds were then assayed for their chemopreventive activity via in silico docking study and in vitro western blotting that confirmed the potential role of the epoxy sterol (T3) isolated from C. urens as leading compound in cancer chemoprevention through NQO1 enzyme induction

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