Thesis (M.Sc.) - Cairo University - National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences - Department of Laser Science and Interactions

The problem of Urinary tract stones is a common one since very long time in our locality.There are many treatment options for Urinary tract stones including conservation treatment,Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL), retrograde and integrate endoscopy, laparoscopy and open surgery. Both ESWL and Ureteroscopy (URS) combined with Holmium: YAG Laser lithotripsy are effective and less invasive treatment modalities for treatment of Urinary tract stones. In Vitro Comparison of parameters for laser lithotripters in urology.The mechanisms of Nd: YAG laser ablation is photomechanical, while Holmium:YAG and Thulium Fiber laser Ablation is photo thermal. Spectrum of stone composition and Spectral Characteristics of both Fragmentation of Kidney Stones by Laser Induced Shock Wave of upper urinary tract calculus after fragmentations as well as by shock waves are studied. The aim is to study the spectrum of stone composition.The mineral analysis of stone was done using pulsed Nd: YAG Laser (1064/532 nm) induced plasma spectroscopy (LIBS), Laser induced shock wave in our laboratory in air or water, and mineral analysis for different stone types using Inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy(ICPS) has been done. The stone composition of upper urinary tract stone analysis are reported , where high ratio of Ca in calcium oxalate stone and lower ratio in Cysten.The other ratios of different elements as Fe, K, Mg has minimum values of mg/Kgm. Comparison between our methods and other solid state laser Holmium:Yag laser and Fiber Laser system used in Laser Lithotripsy are Studie

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