Thesis (Ph.D.) - Cairo University - Faculty of Medicine- Department of General Surgery

The female breast is a universal symbol of sexuality, motherhood and femininity throughout history. The normal and symmetrical appearance of the breast is a vital aspect of the female form. The female breasts are often not perfectly symmetrical where small variations of the two breasts are accepted and can be considered normal. When the breasts show more pronounced irregularities in shape, volume, and position, then the asymmetry becomes an aesthetic and psychological problem. The goal of cosmetic and reconstructive breast surgery is to provide symmetric breasts with an aesthetically acceptable shape, incorporating considerations of volume, ptosis, and glandular configuration. When managing breast asymmetry, a more precise method for breast volume assessment is needed. Several methods have claimed to be accurate in breast volume measurement, they have failed to gain acceptance as routine due to their high costs, technical difficulties, and patient discomfort

Issued also as CD