أطروحة (ماجستير)-جامعة القاهرة، 2016.

ببليوجرافيا: صفحات 204-225.

ﺗﻬﺪف ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺗﻨﺎول ﻣﺪارس دﻣﺸﻖ ودورﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻴﺎة اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺼﺮ اﻷﻳﻮﺑﻲ (٥٧٠-٦٥٨ه/١١٧٤ -١٢٦٠م). ﻓﻘﺪ اﺗﺨﺬ ﺑﻨﻲ أﻳﻮب ﻣﻦ دﻣﺸﻖ ﺑﻜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺤﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻦ إرث ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻲ وﻓﻲ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ ﻋﻬﺪﻫﻢ ﻋﺎﺻﻤﺔ ﻟﺪوﻟﺘﻬﻢ، وﻛﺎن ﻟﻤﺪارﺳﻬﺎ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺷﺠﻌﻮا ﺑﻘﻮة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻧﺘﺸﺎرﻫﺎ، وﺗﻨﺎﻓﺴﻮا ﻋﻠﻰ رﻋﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎ دورا ﺑﺎرزا ﻓﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ اﻟﺘﺤﻮل اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻎ اﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ، ﺑﺈرﺳﺎء ﺣﺮﻛﺔ دﻳﻨﻴﺔ وﻓﻜﺮﻳﺔ وﺳﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ، ﻗﺎم ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء واﻟﻤﻔﻜﺮون ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑ ﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﻨﺸﺮ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم وﺑﺎﻷﺧﺺ اﻟﺪﻳﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ، واﻻﻧﺘﺼﺎر ﻟﻠﺨﻼﻓﺔ اﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﻴﺔ وﺳﻼﻃﻴﻨﻬﺎ، واﻟﺪﻓﺎع ﻋﻦ ﻋﻘﻴﺪة أﻫﻞ اﻟﺴﻨﺔ واﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ، ﺳﻌﻴﺎ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ اﻟﺼﻒ وﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ اﻻﻟﺘﺤﺎم اﻟﻔﻜﺮي واﻟﻌﻘﺎﺋﺪي، ﻓﺎﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء رﻛﻴﺰة أﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺸ ﺮوع اﻟﻨﻬﻀﺔ وﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ اﻟﺒﻼد ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺰاة اﻟﺼﻠﻴﺒﻴﻴﻦ. أﺿﻒ إﻟﻰ ذﻟﻚ أن ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﻤﺪارس ﺗﻤﺜﻞ ﻧﻤﻮذﺟﺎ ﺧﺎﻟﺼﺎ ﻟﻨﺸﺄة اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺼﻮر اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ، ﺣﺘﻰ أﺿﺤﺖ إﻧﺠﺎزا ﺣﻀﺎرﻳﺎ وﺛﻘﺎﻓﻴﺎ وﺑﺎﻣﺘﻴﺎز. ﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻻﻧﺠﺎز أرﻳﺪ ﻟﻪ أﻳﻀﺎ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻨﺒﺮا ﻟﻤﺤﺎﺻﺮة اﻟﻔﻜﺮ واﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﻤﺪﻧﻴﺔ، واﻟﻄﻌﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺬاﻫﺐ واﻟﻔﺮق اﻷﺧﺮى، اﻟﻠﻬﻢ إﻻ اﻟﻄﺐ اﻟﺬي ﻋﺮف ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺘﻄﻮر وﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻴﻦ ﻏﻔﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎء. وﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ اﻧﻌﻜﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ إﻧﺘﺎﺟﻬﺎ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ اﻟﺬي ﺟﺎء ﺑﻌﻴﺪا ﻋﻦ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﻴﺔ واﻟﺘﻨﻮع وروح اﻹﺑﺪاع، ﻓﻜﺎن ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻈﻤﻪ ﺗﻜﺮارا ﻟﻤﺎ أﺑﺪﻋﺘﻪ اﻟﻘﺮون اﻷوﻟﻰ. وﻛﻞ ﻫﺬا ﻛﺎن ﻳﻬﺪف إﻟﻰ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺑﻨﻲ أﻳﻮب ﻓﻲ ﺳﺪة اﻟﺤﻜﻢ، وﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ اﺗﺨﺬ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻘﻴﺪة وﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻴﻠﻮﻟﺔ دون اﻟﺮأي اﻵﺧﺮ، وﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا ﻟﻢ ﻳﺸﺬوا ﻋﻦ ﻋﺼﺮﻫﻢ. وﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺧﻄﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﻌﺼﻮر اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ.

The Aim Of This Damascus Schools And Their Role In The Scientific Life During Ayyubid Period (570-658 Ah/1174-1260 Ad) Has Taken Bani Ayoub From Damascus With All Of Its Historic Heritage At The Beginning They Break Their Capital, The School Which Strongly Encouraged The Deployment, They Competed To Protect It-Sponsored Play A Prominent Role In The Transformation Of Crucial Importance, The Establishment Of A Religious Movement, Intellectual, Political, Which Scientists And Intellectuals Of The Committee The Deployment Of Science, Especially Religious Ones, And The Victory Of The
Abbasid Caliphate And Sultans, And The Defense Of The Doctrine Of Sunnis, And Djmaa To Unite And Docking With Intellectual And Ideological, Scientists, A Key Pillar In The Renaissance Project And The Liberalization Of The Country From The Invaders Crusaders. Add To This That These Schools Represents A Model The Exclusive Prerogative Of The Mis Universities In The Middle Ages In The Islamic World, Even Become Civilized And Cultural Achievement.But This Achievement I Want Also Should Be A Platform To Besiege Thought Civil Sciences, Stabbing In The Doctrines And Other Teams, Except Medicine, Who Identified Some Evolution Inadvertantly Jurists. Which Reflected On The cientific Production Which Came Away From The Mobility And Diversity And The Creativity, Was Mostly Duplicate The Creations First Centuries.All This Was Intended To Install Bani Ayoub In Power, They Made Of Creed And A Means To Prevent The Other Opinion, In This Did Not Differ For Their Age. This
Is A Sin In The Middle Ages.

صدر أيضًا كقرص مدمج.

النص بالعربية والملخص باللغة الإنجليزية والعربية.