أطروحة (ماجستير)-جامعة القاهرة، 2023.

ببليوجرافيا: صفحات 191-194.

تعاني العديد من المدن الكبرى بالعالم من تكدس النفايات ومن الأضرار اللاحقة بها على المجتمع ولاسيما مدن العالم الثالث. وكلما زاد التقدم وتحضر المدينة كلما تفاقمت احجام النفايات وأصبح التخلص منها مشكلة. ومما لا شك فيه، ان مقالب النفايات بهذه المدن اصبحت بؤر ملوثة وغير آمنة على الإنسان وعلى البيئة التى يعيش بها وعلى المجالات الحيوية المحيطة به، وخاصة فى مصر. حيث أصبحت مجتمعات كاملة تتخذ مهنة تصنيف وجمع القمامة كمصدر للرزق وفي نفس الوقت تعيش بتلك المناطق، رجال ونساء وأطفال وشيوخ كما في منطقة الدويقة بمنشية ناصر وبمنطقة الخصوص بالقليوبية. وفى الآونة الأخيرة بدأت مشكلات هذة المناطق فى الظهور مع تفشى انفلونزا الخنازير والطيور، وغيرها من الأوبئة وما الى ذلك من معاناة صحية ومشكلات بيئية واجتماعية ونفسية على المجتمع.
وقد قامت فى مصر العديد من المحاولات للنهوض بمثل هذة المناطق من جهات مختلفة مثل: مشروع البرنامج الإنمائى للمعونة الألمانية بمنشأة ناصر، مشروع حديقة الأزهر، الأغاخان، مشروع الغابة الشجرية، محافظة القاهرة وهيئة نظافة وتجميل القاهرة بالأضافه الي أصدار قانون تنظيم إدارة المخلفات رقم ٢٠٢ لعام ٢٠٢٠. بالرغم من قيام هذه الجهات بالعديد من المحاولات ولكن حتى الان لا توجد محاولات جديه لتحويل مقالب القمامه المنزليه للحد من هذه المشكلات. أما على المستوى العالمي فيوجد العديد من التجارب المماثلة في دول متقدمة مثل الولايات المتحدة واسبانيا وكوريا الجنوبية والعديد الدول الاخرى ومنها اسرائيل حيث تتبع هذه المشروعات مناهج محددة للقيام بعملية تحويل مقلب النفايات دون الاضرار بالبيئة مع خلق فراغ اخضر مفتوح يعود على البيئة والمجتمع بمكاسب صحية وبيئية وثقافية ومادية. قد تختلف طرق التعامل مع كل حالة باختلاف خصائص مقلب القمامة والبيئة المحيطة وخصوصية كل موقع وباختلاف مكونات القمامة به (عضوية، مواد بناء، الخ).

Many major cities in the world suffer from the accumulation of waste and the damages caused by it to society, especially the cities of the third world... The more progress and urbanization of the city, the greater the volumes of waste, and disposal becomes a problem. Undoubtedly, the waste dumps in these cities have become polluted and unsafe foci for humans and the environment in which they live and the vital areas surrounding them, especially in Egypt.
Whole communities have come to take the profession of sorting and collecting garbage as a source of livelihood, and at the same time live in these areas, men, women, children and the elderly, as in the Al-Duwayqa area in Manshiyat Nasser and in the Al-Khusus area in Qalyubia. Recently, the problems of these areas began to appear with the outbreak of swine and bird flu, and other epidemics, and other health and environmental, social and psychological problems for the community.
In Egypt, many attempts have been made to promote such areas from various parties, such as: the German Aid Development Program project in Manshiet Nasser, Al-Azhar Park project, the Aga Khan project, the tree forest project, Cairo Governorate, and the Cairo Cleaning and Beautification Authority, in addition to the issuance of Waste Management Regulation No. 202 of the year 2020. Although these parties have made many attempts, but so far there have been no serious attempts to divert domestic garbage dumps to reduce these problems. On the global level, there are many similar experiences in developed countries such as the United States, Spain, South Korea and many other countries, including Israel, where these projects follow specific approaches to carry out the process of converting the waste dump without harming the environment while creating an open green space that benefits the environment and Society with health, environmental, cultural and material gains. The methods of dealing with each case may differ according to the characteristics of the landfill, the surrounding environment, the privacy of each site, and the different components of the garbage (organisms, building materials, etc.).
Therefore, the problem of the research revolves around "how to reach the environmental approach for landfill reclamation to achieve sustainability in landscape architecture in the Egyptian cities by applying it to the city of Cairo". Where the research focuses on the importance of converting waste dumps into gardens and knowing the standards necessary for that. And the importance of this process for urban cities in general, and in particular the city of Cairo, as a tool among many tools for Cairo to become a sustainable city.
The research adopts access to a set of methodologies for the process of converting waste gardens, and therefore the research relies on the applied inductive analytical method in studying projects for designing and implementing open areas established on sites previously used as garbage dumps, by monitoring and analyzing the different stages of the conversion process, and this depends on an experimental study A theory based on a set of criteria. To achieve this, the research consisted of three main parts:

First: The theoretical part. The aim of the theoretical part is to form a theoretical background on the subject of the study in order to contribute to achieving the research objectives, which is to reach an integrated structure for the reuse of waste dumps to achieve sustainability in landscape architecture in Egyptian cities. An inductive, descriptive and analytical approach was used, and theoretical studies were presented. Coming out of it with methodologies for converting garbage dumps and proposals for the activities that the garbage dump will lead to, by studying several axes as follows:
The first axis: a study of the environmental management of waste in Egypt, from several legal and legislative aspects, and a study of the history of waste management in Egypt, up to the status of waste dumps in the city of Cairo.
The second axis: a study of the foundations and indicators of environmental sustainability, which are indicative of the status of Arab and international cities, specifically the city of Cairo. In conclusion, good waste management is one of the most important ways to achieve sustainability for the city of Cairo.
The third axis: knowledge of the guiding principles for landfill recovery operations, with an explanation of the most important international conventions for waste management. And a detailed explanation of the design components of the landfill and what is required to convert and close it.
The fourth axis: a comparative analytical approach was followed: Studying the methodologies used for the process of converting the landfill into landscape, by studying similar projects, and comparing these approaches. With the aim of identifying the potential challenges of the conversion process and limiting the options of different methods, approaches and activities that can be converted to.
Then a comparative study was made between the Egyptian case "Al-Azhar Park" and similar projects, through methods extracted from the theoretical framework, through references, and through interviews with specialists in the field of horticultural and architecture.

صدر أيضًا كقرص مدمج.

النص بالعربية والملخص بالإنجليزية.