Thesis (M.Sc.) - Cairo University - Faculty Of Science - Department Of Biochemistry

This work has been carried out to establish accurate , reliable and early recognition and diagnosis of enzymatic and biochemical changes in neurotransmitters and neuroprotecting enzymes in neonatal cord blood , amniotic fluid and maternal blood in idiopathic fetal growth retardationIntrauterine fetal growth retardation (IUGR) implies increased risk of morbidity and mortality of the newbornThirty and 42 Egyptian women who delivered infant weighing 1500gm {u2013} 2500gm (LBW) and more than 2500gm (AGA) , respectively , were studiedAmniotic fluid , umbilical cord blood and maternal venous blood samples are collected at delivery from cases in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Ain Shams University and transported under cooling condition to laboratory were directly separated the blood and frozen the plasma , leucocytes which are separated and amniotic fluid samples until the time of analysisIt was found that during pregnancy complicated by IUGR , a significant decreasing of glucose level in plasma maternal , cord blood and amniotic fluids of LBW than AGA infantsHypoglycemia decrease rates of fetal growth as an adaption to inadequate nutrient mother supplyOur results indicated lower plasma albumin of malnourished newborns and their mothers than control groupsDeficient nutrition leads to growth retardationLowering levels of RNA , DNA , Protein / DNA ratios (cell size) and RNA / DNA ratios (cell mass) of investigated group (LBW) than in normal pregnancy (AGA) which all of these parameters good index of fetal organs maturityNeuroprotecting enzymes (GS and GDH) deficiency have etiological role in IUGRGlutamine synthetase acitivity in human IUGR condation may indicate reinduction of an enzyme used in early development , due to glutamine synthetase is involved in the recycling of synaptaclly released glutamate and GABA and in the detoxification of ammonia and may provide the cells with glutamine neede for proliferationGlutamine\\\\glutamate and their closely related metabolites play critical roles in numerous cell processesTheir designation as conditionally essential nutrients downplays their importance in rapidly growing and proliferating cellsIn the present study a significant proportion of pregnant women in Egypt have biochemical hypozincemiaThis hypozincemia responsible for fetal growth retardation in this populationOur study indicated that IUGR , with multiple pathologies coexist , it may be difficult to achieve beneficial results by testing a single interventionOn the basis of the evidence reviewed and our results only balanced protein / energy supplementation , trace element supplementation (especially zinc) and measuring all biochemical markers have potential beneficial effects on reducing the incidence of low birth IUGRIntrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) increases a risk of perinatal complications and may carry a negative influence on a later baby{u2019}s mental and physical development and so , some adult diseases may have their origins in uteroThis result offer to follow up studies of older children

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