Thesis (M.Sc.) - Cairo University - Faculty of Pharmacy - Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology

Drug-induced nephrotoxicity is an extremely common condition and is responsible for a variety of pathological effects on the kidneys. Cisplatin (CIS), one of the most effective and potent anticancer drugs, is used in the treatment of a wide variety of both pediatric and adult malignancies. However, the chemotherapeutic use of cisplatin is limited by its serious side-effects, such as nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. The present study was performed to elucidate some of the mechanisms involved in the nephroprotective effects of selenium, onion oil, hesperidin and rutin in experimentally cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity was confirmed by elevated serum sodium, total sodium and potassium excreted in urine, serum creatinine, urinary creatinine, BUN, urine volume and relative kidney weight and decreased serum potassium and creatinine clearance. Cisplatin also enhanced caused lipid peroxidation manifested as: decrease in the activity of the antioxidant enzyme (SOD), significant depletion of GSH, enhancement of MDA production in the renal tissue and caused degenerative changes, diffuse acute tubular necrosis, focal inflammatory cells infiltration and focal haemorrhage associated with tubular cast formation. Selenium, onion oil, hesperidin or rutin hampered CIS-induced nephrotoxicity manifested by an enhancement of the glomerular filtration rate which was associated by the reduction of serum sodium, total sodium and potassium excreted in urine, serum creatinine, urinary creatinine, BUN, urine volume and relative kidney weight

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