Thesis (Ph.D)-Cairo University, 2025.

Bibliography: pages 74-88.

All humans on the planet were affected with the declaration
of the COVID-19 pandemic by the WHO on March 11th 2020.
The rising numbers of the newly infected coupled with the
daily fatality count were followed closely by millions (Abd et
al., 2022).
In an effort to cope with the situation worldwide, vaccines
were being developed. The testing stage for assuring efficacy
and safety of the developing vaccines were conducted in three
phases (Polack et al., 2020).Unfortunately the sudden acute
state of the events didn’t allow for a study of the delayed
effects of the vaccines being developed (Li et al., 2020).
A raising concern about the effect of Corona virus infection
on male fertility was brought upon by the discovery of
impaired spermatogenesis in some of COVID- 19 patients.
This observation was explained in two ways:
- Elevation of the immune response and cytokine storm in the testis or
-Autoimmune orchitis observed in pathology specimens of
deceased patients of COVID -19 (Li et al., 2020).
Both trans-membrane serine protease 2 and angiotensin
converting enzyme 2 are targets of the virus. Unfortunately
both are expressed in spermatogonia of the testis and
spermatogonial stem cells, making them one of the targets of
the virus. Theoretically it is possible that a resembling effect
can occur in those acquiring the vaccine for it may illicit a
similar immune response (Corona et al., 2022).




Infertility is an important issue. It creates an
array of different problems and burdens on the
individual and the governments. The most
pronounced of these problems are economical,
social, and psychological distress to the infertile
couple. Additionally there is an economical
burden on the health care system (Pourmasumi
et al., 2019).
The concerns regarding the vaccine’s
effect on male fertility is an imperative one
due to:
 The importance of fertility
 The real possibility of testicular
damage and by extension the
possibility of infertility later on
following COVID-19 infection
 The immunological aspect of the
testicular injury (Kristian et al.,
2023).

أدى اﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎر اﻟﻮاﺳﻊ ﻟﻔﯿﺮوس اﻟﻜﻮﻓﯿﺪ 19 اﻟﻰ ﺣﺪوث ﺟﺎﺋﺤﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﯿﺔ ﺗﻤﯿﺰت ﺑﺄرﺗﻔﺎع ﯾﻮﻣﻲ ﻓﻲ أﻋﺪاد اﻟﻤﺼﺎﺑﯿﻦ و أﻋﺪاد اﻟﻮﻓﯿﺎت ﻓﻲ أﻧﺤﺎء اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ , و ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻐﺎﻟﺒﯿﮫ اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺎﺑﯿﻦ ﺗﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ أﻋﺮاض ﺑﺎﻟﺠﮭﺎز اﻟﺘﻨﻔﺴﻲ و ﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ ﻟﻮﺣﻈﺖ أﻋﺮاض اﻻﺻﺎﺑﮫ ﻓﻲ أﺟﮭﺰة أﺧﺮى ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺿﻤﻨﮭﻢ اﻟﺠﮭﺎز اﻟﺘﻨﺎﺳﻠﻲ .
ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺎﺑﯿﻦ ﺑﻤﺮض اﻟﻜﻮﻓﯿﺪ 19 ﻛﺎن ﻟﻮﺣﻆ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﻢ ﺗﺄﺛﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ أﻧﺘﺎج اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﻮﯾﮫ و اﻟﺬي ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮه ﺑﺘﻨﺸﯿﻂ اﻷﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﮫ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋﯿﮫ ﺑﺎﻟﺨﺼﯿﺘﯿﻦ و اﻟﻌﺎﺻﻔﮫ اﻟﺴﯿﺘﻮﻛﯿﻨﯿﮫ , ﻛﻤﺎ ﻟﻮﺣﻆ أﯾﻀﺎ و ﺟﻮد دﻟﯿﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﮭﺎب اﻟﺨﺼﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋﻲ اﻟﺬاﺗﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻋﯿﻨﺎت ﻣﻦ ﺧﺼﯿﺔ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻓﯿﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮض , و ﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺤﺪث أﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﻣﻤﺎﺛﻠﮫ أﺛﺮ ﺗﻠﻘﻲ اﻟﻠﻘﺎح.
أدت اﻟﺰﯾﺎده اﻟﯿﻮﻣﯿﮫ ﻓﻲ أﻋﺪاد اﻟﻮﻓﺎﯾﺎت و اﻟﻤﺼﺎﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻰ ﺣﺎﺟﮫ ﻣﻠﺤﺔ ﻟﺘﻄﻮﯾﺮ ﻟﻘﺎﺣﺎت ﻋﺪﯾﺪه و ﺳﺮﯾﻌﮫ ﻣﻤﺎ أدى اﻟﻰ ﺗﻄﻮﯾﺮ و ﺗﻮﻓﯿﺮ اﻟﻠﻘﺎﺣﺎت ﺑﺪون دراﺳﺔ اﻟﺘﺄﺛﯿﺮات اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻠﮫ اﻟﻤﺘﺄﺧﺮة و ﺑﻌﯿﺪة اﻟﻤﺪى.
وﻣﻊ ظﮭﻮر اﻟﺨﻮف ﻣﻦ اﻟﻠﻘﺎﺣﺎت اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪه و ﺷﯿﻮع ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺎت اﻟﻤﺆاﻣﺮة ﺑﺨﺼﻮص اﻟﻠﻘﺎﺣﺎت ﺗﺤﺘﻢ ﺿﺮورة دراﺳﺔ ﻣﺪى ﺳﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﻠﻘﺎح ﻣﻦ اﺟﻞ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻼﻣﺔ اﻻﺷﺨﺎص.
ﺗﮭﺪف ھﺬه اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ اﻟﻰ ﺗﻘﯿﻢ اﻟﺘﺄﺛﯿﺮاﻟﻤﺘﺄﺧﺮ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻞ ﻟﻠﻘﺎح ﺳﯿﻨﻮﻓﺎرم – ﻟﻘﺎح ﻓﯿﺮوﺳﻲ ﻣﻌﻄﻞ – ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﯾﯿﺮ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﻮي.
ﺗﻢ ﺗﺠﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻮﻋﯿﻦ ﻣﻦ وﺣﺪة اﻟﺤﻘﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﮭﺮي ﺑﻤﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ اﻟﺘﻮﻟﯿﺪ و أﻣﺮاض اﻟﻨﺴﺎء اﻟﻘﺼﺮ اﻟﻌﯿﻨﻲ.
ﺗﻢ أﺷﺮاك 128 ﻣﺘﻄﻮع , ﺣﯿﺚ ﺗﻢ ﺟﻤﻊ 64 ﻋﯿﻨﺔ ﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻨﻮي ﻣﻦ رﺟﺎل أﺻﺤﺎء ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﻠﻘﺤﯿﻦ و 64 ﻋﯿﻨﺔ ﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻨﻮي ﻣﻦ رﺟﺎل أﺻﺤﺎء ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺮور ﻋﺎم ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻘﻲ اﻟﺠﺮﻋﮫ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﮫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻄﻌﯿﻢ.
و ﻟﻘﺪ أوﺿﺤﺖ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد ﻓﻮارق ذات دﻻﻻت أﺣﺼﺎﺋﯿﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ: زﻣﻦ ﺗﺴﯿﻞ اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﻮي , ﻛﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﻮي , اﻟﺤﺮﻛﮫ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﮫ ﻟﻠﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﻮﯾﮫ , ﻋﺪد اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﻮﯾﮫ اﻟﻐﯿﺮ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻛﮫ , ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺗﺸﻮھﺎت اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﻮﯾﺔ ,



درﺟﺔ ﺣﺎﻣﻀﯿﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﻮي , ﻟﺰوﺟﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﻮي و وﺟﻮد ﺧﻼﯾﺎ اﺧﺮى ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﻮﯾﮫ.
ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ ﻟﻮﺣﻆ أﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎت ذات دﻻﻟﮫ أﺣﺼﺎﺋﯿﮫ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ : ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺰ اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﻮﯾﺔ ,أﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻋﺪد اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﻮﯾﺔ , ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﻮﯾﺔ ذات اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﺪﻣﯿﺔ , ﺣﯿﺚ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ھﺬه اﻟﺪﻻﺋﻞ ذات ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ أﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﮫ اﻟﻐﯿﺮ ﻣﺤﺼﻨﺔ , ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻐﯿﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ ذات ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ أﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﮫ اﻟﻤﺤﺼﻨﮫ. ﻏﯿﺮ أن ھﺬه اﻷﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎت ﺟﻤﯿﻌﮭﺎ ﻏﯿﺮ ھﺎﻣﮫ ﺳﺮﯾﺮﯾﺎ ﺣﯿﺚ أن ﺟﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﺪﻻﺋﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻼ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﺎن ﺿﻤﻦ اﻟﻘﯿﻢ اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﯿﮫ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻘﯿﺎس ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﯿﺔ ﻟﻌﺎم .2021
ﺗﺸﯿﺮ اﻟﺪراﺳﮫ اﻟﻰ اﻟﺴﻼﻣﮫ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﯿﮫ ﻟﻠﻘﺎح ﺳﯿﻨﻮﻓﺎرم اﻟﻤﻌﻄﻞ ﺣﯿﺚ ﻟﻢ ﯾﻜﻦ ﻟﮫ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺳﺮﯾﺮي ﻣﻠﺤﻮظ و ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﯾﺘﻀﺢ ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد أدﻟﺔ داﻣﻐﮫ ﺗﺪﻋﻢ اﻟﻤﺨﺎوف اﻟﻤﺜﺎره ﺑﺨﺼﻮص اﻟﻠﻘﺎح ﻓﻲ ھﺬه اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ

Issues also as CD.

Text in English and abstract in Arabic & English.