Thesis (M.Sc.) - Cairo University - Faculty of Pharmacy - Department of Pharmacognosy

Many herbal preparations had showed efficacy in ameliorating Alzheimer`s disease (AD) as Lamiaceous plants. Among these, Salvia officinalis (Sage), Lavandula angustifolia (English Lavender) and Lavandula pubescens, growing in Egypt, were chemically profiled as per constituents of their volatile oils and alcoholic extracts. Furthermore, they were assessed for their cholinesterase inhibitory and antioxidant activities using Ellman's method and DPPH assay, respectively.GC/MS analysis of the hydrodistilled volatile oil of the three chosen plants revealed that (z)-thujone (32%), eucalyptol (65%) and carvacrol (32%) were the major components of the volatile oils of S. officinalis, L.angustifolia and L.pubescens, respectively.Chemical profiling of their alcoholic extracts using LC-DAD-MS/MS (negative mode) had showed their richness in phenolic acids (5, 8, 11), flavonoids(13, 6, 10) and diterpenoids(15,3); no diterpenoids were detected in L. pubescens. The investigated samples had comparable content of total phenolic (81.666 ± 0.134, 84.069 ±0.001, 70.116 ± 0.001) æg of gallic acid/mg of sample, while their total flavonoid content was (37.322 ± 0.049, 26.610 ±0.085, 44.116 ± 0.08) æg of quercetin/mg of sample respectively. In vitro biological investigation revealed that L. pubescens extract and Lavander oil showed higher anticholinesterase activity with IC50 0.53 ±0.16 (mg/ml), 0.49±0.015 (mg/ml) respectively compared to eserine and donepezil reference standards IC50 0.73 ±0.05374 (mg/ml), 0.092±0.001414 (mg/ml) respectively. L. pubesens extract and Lavander oil showed moderate antioxidant activity (IC50 0.21 ± 0.01mg/ml), (IC50 36.49 ± 1.8 mg/ml) respectively compared to gallic acid reference standard with IC50 0.009 ± 0.001mg/ml

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