Thesis (Ph.D)-Cairo University, 2025

Bibliography: pages 125-158.

Avocado is a fruit rich in oil and valued for its pleasant sensory qualities, high nutritional
content, and health-promoting properties due to its abundance of bioactive compounds. This
study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-arthritic activities of acetone
extracts derived from the pulp, peel, and seed of avocado. Additionally, the study assessed the
total phenolic and flavonoid content, fatty acid profiles, phytosterols, and hydrocarbon of these
extracts. Antioxidant activity was measured using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. The anti-
cancer effects of the extracts were tested on various cancer cell lines, including liver, colorectal,
and breast cancer. The anti-arthritic potential of the avocado pulp extract was evaluated using
the adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) model in rats. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
(GC-MS) was used to characterize the extracts. The analysis revealed that the acetone extracts
of pulp, peel, and seed contained total phenolic contents of 58.6, 92.9, and 91.8 mg GAE/g
extract, respectively, and total flavonoid contents of 10.8, 15.1, and 12.8 mg QE/g extract,
respectively. Hydrocarbons accounted for 79.06% in pulp, 91.5% in peel, and 68.93% in seed
extracts. Total phytosterol content was 8.63% in pulp, 4.17% in peel, and 9.03% in seed
extracts, with stigmasterol being the predominant phytosterol in all samples. The fatty acid
profile showed oleic acid as the dominant unsaturated fatty acid across all extracts.
GC-MS analysis identified the presence of acetogenins, volatile compounds, phytosterols, and
triterpenoids in all extracts. All samples exhibited antioxidant activity across the assays used,
with varying degrees of potency. The acetone extracts of pulp, peel, and seed demonstrated anti-
cancer activity against liver, breast, and colorectal cancer cell lines to different extents. Notably,
the pulp extract showed meaningful anti-arthritic properties in rats, evidenced by decreased
inflammation, improved antioxidant status (as shown by decreased plasma malondialdehyde
levels and increased activity of antioxidant enzymes including SOD, catalase, and glutathione
peroxidase), and decreased TNF-α levels. Histopathological examination of joint tissues
confirmed the protective effect of the pulp extract in arthritic rats.

كان الهدف من هذة الدراسة هو تقييم الأنشطة المضادة للأكسدة وللسرطان لمستخلصات أسيتون لب الأفوكادو والقشر والبذور كما تم تقييم التأثير المضاد لإلتهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي لمستخلص الأسيتون من لب الأفوكادو فى نموذج إلتهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي المستحث لفئران التجارب المشابة تماما للذى يحدث فى الإنسان ولتحقيق هذا الهدف تم الأستخلاص لمسحوق لب وقشر وبذور الأفوكادو المجفف بالتجفيد و تم التعرف على المركبات النشطة حيوياً بأستخدام جهاز تحليل الكروماتوجرافى الغازى وتم تقدير المحتوى الكلى للفينولات و الفلافونويد و تم تقييم النشاط المضاد للأكسدة بأستخدام ثلاثة طرق مختلفة و تم دراسة النشاط المضاد للسرطان بإستخدام أنواع مختلفه من الخلايا السرطانية (سرطان الخلايا الكبدية و سرطان الثدى الغدى و سرطان القولون والمستقيم) و تم ايضا تقييم التأثير المضاد لإلتهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي .

Issues also as CD.

Text in English and abstract in Arabic & English.